Intervention Studies for the metabolite (-)-Epicatechin 3'-O-glucuronide with food phytochemical (-)-Epicatechin
| Food Phytochemical | Metabolite | Species | Biofluids | Origin | Dietary Source Description | Dietary Source Classification | Total Number of Subjects | Description of Population | Ingested Amount | Single/Multiple Dose | Duration of the Study | Tmax (h) | Cmax (nM) | AUC (nM/h) | Time covered by AUC (h) | t 1/2 (h) | % of 24h Urinary Excretion | Excreted Amount & Time Interval | Publications | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (-)-Epicatechin | (-)-Epicatechin 3'-O-glucuronide | Human | Plasma | Host metabolism | (−)-epicatechin powder + 40 mL of water | Pure compound | 3 | Healthy; Age=33 y; BMI=27.2 kg/m2 | 50 mg | Single | 1±(0.5-2.0) (IR) | 71,3±22,3 (SEM) | 239,6 | (0-6h) | 1,90±0,07 (SEM) | Publications | |||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | (-)-Epicatechin 3'-O-glucuronide | Human | Plasma | Host metabolism | (−)-epicatechin powder + 40 mL of water | Pure compound | 3 | Healthy; Age=33 y; BMI=27.2 kg/m2 | 100 mg | Single | 1±(1.0-2.0) (IR) | 355,3±124 (SEM) | 959,5 | (0-6h) | 1,50±0,04 (SEM) | Publications | |||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | (-)-Epicatechin 3'-O-glucuronide | Human | Plasma | Host metabolism | (−)-epicatechin powder + 40 mL of water | Pure compound | 3 | Healthy; Age=33 y; BMI=27.2 kg/m2 | 200 mg | Single | 1±(0.5-1.0) (IR) | 1092±194,1 (SEM) | 2972 | (0-6h) | 1,30±0,04 (SEM) | Publications | |||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | (-)-Epicatechin 3'-O-glucuronide | Human | Plasma | Host metabolism | (−)-epicatechin powder + 40 mL of water | Pure compound | 4 | Healthy; 4 M; Age=33 y; BMI=27.2±3.7 kg/m2 | 50 mg | Single | 1±1 (IR) | 344±48,7 (SEM) | 762,3 | (0-6h) | 1,20±0,1 (SEM) | Publications | |||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | (-)-Epicatechin 3'-O-glucuronide | Human | Plasma | Host metabolism | (−)-epicatechin powder + 40 mL of water | Pure compound | 4 | Healthy; 4 M; Age=33 y; BMI=27.2±3.7 kg/m2 | 50 mg | Multiple | 5 days (1 dose daily) | 1±(0.5-2.0) (IR) | 100,2±70,4 (SEM) | 261,73 | (0-6h) | 1,20±0,2 (SEM) | Publications | ||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | (-)-Epicatechin 3'-O-glucuronide | Human | Plasma | Host metabolism | (−)-epicatechin powder + 40 mL of water | Pure compound | 4 | Healthy; 4 M; Age=25.5 y; BMI=23.2± 1kg/m2 | 100 mg | Multiple | 1 day (2 doses daily) | 1±(0.5-1.0) (IR) | 85,4±16,3 (SEM) | 242,5 | (0-6h) | 1,70±0,18 (SEM) | Publications | ||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | (-)-Epicatechin 3'-O-glucuronide | Human | Plasma | Host metabolism | (−)-epicatechin powder + 40 mL of water | Pure compound | 4 | Healthy; 4 M; Age=25.5 y; BMI=23.2± 1kg/m2 | 100 mg | Multiple | 5 days (2 doses daily) | 1,5±(0.5-2.0) (IR) | 108,2±80,2 (SEM) | 299,5 | (0-6h) | 1,50±0,17 (SEM) | Publications | ||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | (-)-Epicatechin 3'-O-glucuronide | Human | Plasma; Urine | Host metabolism | 15 g of cocoa + 200 mL of milk | Food | 13 | Healthy; 3 M; 10 F; Age M=26.67±3.21 y; BMI M=22.47±2.97 kg/m2. Age F=32.60±9.85 y. BMI F=23.36±3.73 kg/m2 | 68.2 µmol | Single | 1,5±0,5 (SD) | 0,025±0,001 (SD) | 0,072 | (0-8h) | 0,9120234604 | 0.622±0,13 µmol (SD) ((0-24h)) | Publications | ||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | (-)-Epicatechin 3'-O-glucuronide | Human | Plasma; Urine | Host metabolism | 25 g of flavanol-rich cocoa + 200 mL of milk | Food | 13 | Healthy; 3 M; 10 F; Age M=26.67±3.21 y; BMI M=22.47±2.97 kg/m2. Age F=32.60±9.85 y. BMI F=23.36±3.73 kg/m2 | 235.1 µmol | Single | 1,4±0,8 (SD) | 0,037±0,001 (SD) | 0,11 | (0-8h) | 0,7031050617 | 1.653±0,462 µmol (SD) ((0-24h)) | Publications | ||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | (-)-Epicatechin 3'-O-glucuronide | Human | Plasma | Host metabolism | cocoa dairy-based drink | Food | 10 | Healthy; Age=32±1 y; BMI=24±2 kg/m2 | 1100 mg | Single | 2 | 589±85 (SEM) | Publications | ||||||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | (-)-Epicatechin 3'-O-glucuronide | Human | Plasma | Host metabolism | low-flavanol cocoa-based dairy drink containing (-)-epicatechin | Food | 7 | Healthy; Age = 28 ± 3 y; BMI= 24 ± 1 kg/m2 | 157,7 mg | Single | 2 | 336±75 (SEM) | Publications | ||||||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | (-)-Epicatechin 3'-O-glucuronide | Human | Urine | Host metabolism | 250 mL of hot milk + 10 g cocoa powder | Food | 9 | Healthy; Age=20-43; BMI=24.7±2.7 kg/m2 | 45 µmol | Single | 0,66 | 297±31 nmol (SEM) ((0-24h)) | Publications | ||||||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | (-)-Epicatechin 3'-O-glucuronide | Human | Urine | Host metabolism | 250 mL of water + 10 g cocoa powder | Food | 9 | Healthy; Age=20-43; BMI=24.7±2.7 kg/m2 | 45 µmol | Single | 1,673333333 | 753±70 nmol (SEM) ((0-24h)) | Publications | ||||||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | (-)-Epicatechin 3'-O-glucuronide | Human | Plasma; Urine | Host metabolism | 50 mL of solution + 60 mg of 14C-Epicatechin | Pure compound | 8 | Healthy; 8 M; Age=31±3; BMI=24.5±3.3 kg/m2 | 207 µmol | Single | 0,8±0,1 (SEM) | 359±23 (SEM) | 1624 | (0-24h) | 2,00±1,1 (SEM) | 8,985507246 | 18.6±2,5 µmol (SEM) ((0-48h)) | Publications | |||
| (-)-Epicatechin | (-)-Epicatechin 3'-O-glucuronide | Human | Plasma; Urine | Host metabolism | 100 g of 70 % dark chocolate | Food | 5 | Healthy; Age=23.4±3.3 y; BMI=22±2 kg/m2 | 154 mg | Single | 3,2±0,2 (SEM) | 290±49 (SEM) | 1276 | (0-24h) | 3,80±1 (SEM) | 2,97 | 13.3±3,85 µmol (SEM) ((0-24h)) | Publications |