Intervention Studies for the metabolite (-)-Epicatechin 3'-O-sulfate with food phytochemical (-)-Epicatechin
| Food Phytochemical | Metabolite | Species | Biofluids | Origin | Dietary Source Description | Dietary Source Classification | Total Number of Subjects | Description of Population | Ingested Amount | Single/Multiple Dose | Duration of the Study | Tmax (h) | Cmax (nM) | AUC (nM/h) | Time covered by AUC (h) | t 1/2 (h) | % of 24h Urinary Excretion | Excreted Amount & Time Interval | Publications | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (-)-Epicatechin | (-)-Epicatechin 3'-O-sulfate | Human | Plasma | Host metabolism | (−)-epicatechin powder + 40 mL of water | Pure compound | 3 | Healthy; Age=33 y; BMI=27.2 kg/m2 | 50 mg | Single | 2±(1.0-2.0) (IR) | 240±49,5 (SEM) | 729,3 | (0-6h) | 1,39±0,08 (SEM) | Publications | |||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | (-)-Epicatechin 3'-O-sulfate | Human | Plasma | Host metabolism | (−)-epicatechin powder + 40 mL of water | Pure compound | 3 | Healthy; Age=33 y; BMI=27.2 kg/m2 | 100 mg | Single | 2±(1.0-2.0) (IR) | 586,5±93,9 (SEM) | 1604 | (0-6h) | 1,28±0,02 (SEM) | Publications | |||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | (-)-Epicatechin 3'-O-sulfate | Human | Plasma | Host metabolism | (−)-epicatechin powder + 40 mL of water | Pure compound | 3 | Healthy; Age=33 y; BMI=27.2 kg/m2 | 200 mg | Single | 2±(1.0-2.0) (IR) | 1258±98,5 (SEM) | 4081,1 | (0-6h) | 1,22±0,07 (SEM) | Publications | |||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | (-)-Epicatechin 3'-O-sulfate | Human | Plasma | Host metabolism | (−)-epicatechin powder + 40 mL of water | Pure compound | 4 | Healthy; 4 M; Age=33 y; BMI=27.2±3.7 kg/m2 | 50 mg | Single | 1±(1.0-2.0) (IR) | 433,5±351,1 (SEM) | 1221 | (0-6h) | 1,02±0,1 (SEM) | Publications | |||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | (-)-Epicatechin 3'-O-sulfate | Human | Plasma | Host metabolism | (−)-epicatechin powder + 40 mL of water | Pure compound | 4 | Healthy; 4 M; Age=33 y; BMI=27.2±3.7 kg/m2 | 50 mg | Multiple | 5 days (1 dose daily) | 2±(1.0-2.0) (IR) | 645,67±495,8 (SEM) | 1311 | (0-6h) | 1,06±0,2 (SEM) | Publications | ||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | (-)-Epicatechin 3'-O-sulfate | Human | Plasma | Host metabolism | (−)-epicatechin powder + 40 mL of water | Pure compound | 4 | Healthy; 4 M; Age=25.5 y; BMI=23.2± 1kg/m2 | 100 mg | Multiple | 1 day (2 doses daily) | 1±(0.5-1.0) (IR) | 140,4±52 (SEM) | 407,8 | (0-6h) | 1,15±0,16 (SEM) | Publications | ||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | (-)-Epicatechin 3'-O-sulfate | Human | Plasma | Host metabolism | (−)-epicatechin powder + 40 mL of water | Pure compound | 4 | Healthy; 4 M; Age=25.5 y; BMI=23.2± 1kg/m2 | 100 mg | Multiple | 5 days (2 doses daily) | 1,5±(0.5-2.0) (IR) | 121,5±73,8 (SEM) | 363,6 | (0-6h) | 1,47±0,15 (SEM) | Publications | ||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | (-)-Epicatechin 3'-O-sulfate | Human | Plasma; Urine | Host metabolism | 15 g of cocoa + 200 mL of milk | Food | 13 | Healthy; 3 M; 10 F; Age M=26.67±3.21 y; BMI M=22.47±2.97 kg/m2. Age F=32.60±9.85 y. BMI F=23.36±3.73 kg/m2 | 68.2 µmol | Single | 1±0,1 (SD) | 0,026±0,003 (SD) | 0,101 | (0-8h) | 3,54398827 | 2.417±0,439 µmol (SD) ((0-24h)) | Publications | ||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | (-)-Epicatechin 3'-O-sulfate | Human | Plasma; Urine | Host metabolism | 25 g of flavanol-rich cocoa + 200 mL of milk | Food | 13 | Healthy; 3 M; 10 F; Age M=26.67±3.21 y; BMI M=22.47±2.97 kg/m2. Age F=32.60±9.85 y. BMI F=23.36±3.73 kg/m2 | 235.1 µmol | Single | 1,2±0,5 (SD) | 0,042±0,004 (SD) | 0,109 | (0-8h) | 3,129306678 | 7.357±1,523 µmol (SD) ((0-24h)) | Publications | ||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | (-)-Epicatechin 3'-O-sulfate | Human | Plasma | Host metabolism | cocoa dairy-based drink | Food | 10 | Healthy; Age=32±1 y; BMI=24±2 kg/m2 | 1100 mg | Single | 2 | 331±26 (SEM) | Publications | ||||||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | (-)-Epicatechin 3'-O-sulfate | Human | Plasma | Host metabolism | low-flavanol cocoa-based dairy drink containing (-)-epicatechin | Food | 7 | Healthy; Age = 28 ± 3 y; BMI= 24 ± 1 kg/m2 | 157,7 mg | Single | 2 | 377±49 (SEM) | Publications | ||||||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | (-)-Epicatechin 3'-O-sulfate | Human | Plasma; Urine | Host metabolism | 50 mL of solution + 60 mg of 14C-Epicatechin | Pure compound | 8 | Healthy; 8 M; Age=31±3; BMI=24.5±3.3 kg/m2 | 207 µmol | Single | 1,1±0,1 (SEM) | 191±17 (SEM) | 633 | (0-24h) | 2,00±0,3 (SEM) | 3,719806763 | 7.7±0,9 µmol (SEM) ((0-48h)) | Publications | |||
| (-)-Epicatechin | (-)-Epicatechin 3'-O-sulfate | Human | Plasma; Urine | Host metabolism | 100 g of 70 % dark chocolate | Food | 5 | Healthy; Age=23.4±3.3 y; BMI=22±2 kg/m2 | 154 mg | Single | 3,2±0,2 (SEM) | 233±60 (SEM) | 954 | (0-24h) | 2,30±0,8 (SEM) | 1,9 | 8.53±2,71 µmol (SEM) ((0-24h)) | Publications |