Intervention Studies for the metabolite Methoxy-(−)-epicatechin-sulfate with food phytochemical (-)-Epicatechin
| Food Phytochemical | Metabolite | Species | Biofluids | Origin | Dietary Source Description | Dietary Source Classification | Total Number of Subjects | Description of Population | Ingested Amount | Single/Multiple Dose | Duration of the Study | Tmax (h) | Cmax (nM) | AUC (nM/h) | Time covered by AUC (h) | t 1/2 (h) | % of 24h Urinary Excretion | Excreted Amount & Time Interval | Publications | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (-)-Epicatechin | Methoxy-(−)-epicatechin-sulfate | Human | Plasma | Host metabolism | (−)-epicatechin powder + 40 mL of water | Pure compound | 3 | Healthy; Age=33 y; BMI=27.2 kg/m2 | 50 mg | Single | 2±(1.0-2.0) (IR) | 19,5±4,3 (SEM) | 78,3 | (0-6h) | 2,80±0,1 (SEM) | Publications | |||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | Methoxy-(−)-epicatechin-sulfate | Human | Plasma | Host metabolism | (−)-epicatechin powder + 40 mL of water | Pure compound | 3 | Healthy; Age=33 y; BMI=27.2 kg/m2 | 100 mg | Single | 2±(1.0-2.0) (IR) | 98,33±37,1 (SEM) | 296,3 | (0-6h) | 2,00±0,15 (SEM) | Publications | |||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | Methoxy-(−)-epicatechin-sulfate | Human | Plasma | Host metabolism | (−)-epicatechin powder + 40 mL of water | Pure compound | 3 | Healthy; Age=33 y; BMI=27.2 kg/m2 | 200 mg | Single | 2±(1.0-2.0) (IR) | 200,8±18,8 (SEM) | 719,1 | (0-6h) | 1,90±0,09 (SEM) | Publications | |||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | Methoxy-(−)-epicatechin-sulfate | Human | Plasma | Host metabolism | (−)-epicatechin powder + 40 mL of water | Pure compound | 3 | Healthy; Age=33 y; BMI=27.2 kg/m2 | 50 mg | Single | 1±(1.0-2.0) (IR) | 69,8±7,4 (SEM) | 229,1 | (0-6h) | 1,60±0,05 (SEM) | Publications | |||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | Methoxy-(−)-epicatechin-sulfate | Human | Plasma | Host metabolism | (−)-epicatechin powder + 40 mL of water | Pure compound | 3 | Healthy; Age=33 y; BMI=27.2 kg/m2 | 100 mg | Single | 1±(0.5-2.0) (IR) | 238,7±102,2 (SEM) | 625,6 | (0-6h) | 1,30±0,09 (SEM) | Publications | |||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | Methoxy-(−)-epicatechin-sulfate | Human | Plasma | Host metabolism | (−)-epicatechin powder + 40 mL of water | Pure compound | 3 | Healthy; Age=33 y; BMI=27.2 kg/m2 | 200 mg | Single | 1±(0.05-1.0) (IR) | 648,7±52 (SEM) | 1717 | (0-6h) | 1,20±0,04 (SEM) | Publications | |||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | Methoxy-(−)-epicatechin-sulfate | Human | Plasma | Host metabolism | (−)-epicatechin powder + 40 mL of water | Pure compound | 3 | Healthy; Age=33 y; BMI=27.2 kg/m2 | 50 mg | Single | 2±(1.0-2.0) (IR) | 29,7±3,7 (SEM) | 123,5 | (0-6h) | 3,10±0,09 (SEM) | Publications | |||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | Methoxy-(−)-epicatechin-sulfate | Human | Plasma | Host metabolism | (−)-epicatechin powder + 40 mL of water | Pure compound | 3 | Healthy; Age=33 y; BMI=27.2 kg/m2 | 100 mg | Single | 1±(1.0-2.0) (IR) | 108,8±36,3 (SEM) | 304,4 | (0-6h) | 2,90±0,98 (SEM) | Publications | |||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | Methoxy-(−)-epicatechin-sulfate | Human | Plasma | Host metabolism | (−)-epicatechin powder + 40 mL of water | Pure compound | 3 | Healthy; Age=33 y; BMI=27.2 kg/m2 | 200 mg | Single | 1±(1.0-2.0) (IR) | 391,8±52,1 (SEM) | 1334 | (0-6h) | 1,60±0,1 (SEM) | Publications | |||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | Methoxy-(−)-epicatechin-sulfate | Human | Plasma | Host metabolism | (−)-epicatechin powder + 40 mL of water | Pure compound | 3 | Healthy; Age=33 y; BMI=27.2 kg/m2 | 50 mg | Single | 2±(0.5-2.0) (IR) | 19,3±2,7 (SEM) | 58,3 | (0-6h) | 1,80±0,05 (SEM) | Publications | |||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | Methoxy-(−)-epicatechin-sulfate | Human | Plasma | Host metabolism | (−)-epicatechin powder + 40 mL of water | Pure compound | 3 | Healthy; Age=33 y; BMI=27.2 kg/m2 | 100 mg | Single | 2±(1.0-2.0) (IR) | 48,8±19,2 (SEM) | 150,9 | (0-6h) | 1,70±0,25 (SEM) | Publications | |||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | Methoxy-(−)-epicatechin-sulfate | Human | Plasma | Host metabolism | (−)-epicatechin powder + 40 mL of water | Pure compound | 3 | Healthy; Age=33 y; BMI=27.2 kg/m2 | 200 mg | Single | 2±(1.0-2.0) (IR) | 143,3±20,2 (SEM) | 476 | (0-6h) | 1,78±0,19 (SEM) | Publications | |||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | Methoxy-(−)-epicatechin-sulfate | Human | Plasma | Host metabolism | (−)-epicatechin powder + 40 mL of water | Pure compound | 3 | Healthy; Age=33 y; BMI=27.2 kg/m2 | 50 mg | Single | 2±(1.0-2.0) (IR) | 15,7±3,1 (SEM) | 51,8 | (0-6h) | 2,50±2,5 (SEM) | Publications | |||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | Methoxy-(−)-epicatechin-sulfate | Human | Plasma | Host metabolism | (−)-epicatechin powder + 40 mL of water | Pure compound | 3 | Healthy; Age=33 y; BMI=27.2 kg/m2 | 100 mg | Single | 1±(1.0-2.0) (IR) | 54,7±31,7 (SEM) | 175 | (0-6h) | 2,47±0,28 (SEM) | Publications | |||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | Methoxy-(−)-epicatechin-sulfate | Human | Plasma | Host metabolism | (−)-epicatechin powder + 40 mL of water | Pure compound | 3 | Healthy; Age=33 y; BMI=27.2 kg/m2 | 200 mg | Single | 1±(1.0-2.0) (IR) | 142,5±25,3 (SEM) | 516,8 | (0-6h) | 2,00±0,23 (SEM) | Publications | |||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | Methoxy-(−)-epicatechin-sulfate | Human | Plasma | Host metabolism | (−)-epicatechin powder + 40 mL of water | Pure compound | 4 | Healthy; 4 M; Age=33 y; BMI=27.2±3.7 kg/m2 | 50 mg | Single | 2±(1.0-2.0) (IR) | 471,6±375,1 (SEM) | 1490 | (0-6h) | 1,20±0,16 (SEM) | Publications | |||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | Methoxy-(−)-epicatechin-sulfate | Human | Plasma | Host metabolism | (−)-epicatechin powder + 40 mL of water | Pure compound | 4 | Healthy; 4 M; Age=33 y; BMI=27.2±3.7 kg/m2 | 50 mg | Multiple | 5 days (1 dose daily) | 1±(0.5-2.0) (IR) | 469,3±337,5 (SEM) | 1089 | (0-6h) | 1,80±0,45 (SEM) | Publications | ||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | Methoxy-(−)-epicatechin-sulfate | Human | Plasma | Host metabolism | (−)-epicatechin powder + 40 mL of water | Pure compound | 4 | Healthy; 4 M; Age=25.5 y; BMI=23.2± 1kg/m2 | 100 mg | Multiple | 1 day (2 doses daily) | 1±(0.5-2.0) (IR) | 136±37,4 (SEM) | 424,5 | (0-6h) | 1,80±0,3 (SEM) | Publications | ||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | Methoxy-(−)-epicatechin-sulfate | Human | Plasma | Host metabolism | (−)-epicatechin powder + 40 mL of water | Pure compound | 4 | Healthy; 4 M; Age=25.5 y; BMI=23.2± 1kg/m2 | 100 mg | Multiple | 5 days (2 doses daily) | 2±(1.0-2.0) (IR) | 113±51,3 (SEM) | 356,1 | (0-6h) | 1,68±0,3 (SEM) | Publications | ||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | Methoxy-(−)-epicatechin-sulfate | Human | Plasma; Urine | Host metabolism | 15 g of cocoa + 200 mL of milk | Food | 13 | Healthy; 3 M; 10 F; Age M=26.67±3.21 y; BMI M=22.47±2.97 kg/m2. Age F=32.60±9.85 y. BMI F=23.36±3.73 kg/m2 | 68.2 µmol | Single | 1,3±0,6 (SD) | 0,031±0,003 (SD) | 0,122 | (0-8h) | 6,492668622 | 4.428±0,8 µmol (SD) ((0-24h)) | Publications | ||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | Methoxy-(−)-epicatechin-sulfate | Human | Plasma; Urine | Host metabolism | 25 g of flavanol-rich cocoa + 200 mL of milk | Food | 13 | Healthy; 3 M; 10 F; Age M=26.67±3.21 y; BMI M=22.47±2.97 kg/m2. Age F=32.60±9.85 y. BMI F=23.36±3.73 kg/m2 | 235.1 µmol | Single | 1,1±0,6 (SD) | 0,041±0,002 (SD) | 0,173 | (0-8h) | 5,308804764 | 12.481±2,243 µmol (SD) ((0-24h)) | Publications | ||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | Methoxy-(−)-epicatechin-sulfate | Human | Plasma; Urine | Host metabolism | 25 g of flavanol-rich cocoa + 200 mL of milk | Food | 13 | Healthy; 3 M; 10 F; Age M=26.67±3.21 y; BMI M=22.47±2.97 kg/m2. Age F=32.60±9.85 y. BMI F=23.36±3.73 kg/m2 | 235.1 µmol | Single | 1,3±0,5 (SD) | 0,041±0,004 (SD) | 0,145 | (0-8h) | 0,5104210974 | 1.200±0,293 µmol (SD) ((0-24h)) | Publications | ||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | Methoxy-(−)-epicatechin-sulfate | Human | Urine | Host metabolism | 15 g of cocoa + 200 mL of milk | Food | 13 | Healthy; 3 M; 10 F; Age M=26.67±3.21 y; BMI M=22.47±2.97 kg/m2. Age F=32.60±9.85 y. BMI F=23.36±3.73 kg/m2 | 68.2 µmol | Single | 0,6275659824 | 0.428±0,062 µmol (SD) ((0-24h)) | Publications | ||||||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | Methoxy-(−)-epicatechin-sulfate | Human | Urine | Host metabolism | 15 g of cocoa + 200 mL of milk | Food | 13 | Healthy; 3 M; 10 F; Age M=26.67±3.21 y; BMI M=22.47±2.97 kg/m2. Age F=32.60±9.85 y. BMI F=23.36±3.73 kg/m2 | 68.2 µmol | Single | 1,11143695 | 0.758±0,125 µmol (SD) ((0-24h)) | Publications | ||||||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | Methoxy-(−)-epicatechin-sulfate | Human | Urine | Host metabolism | 25 g of flavanol-rich cocoa + 200 mL of milk | Food | 13 | Healthy; 3 M; 10 F; Age M=26.67±3.21 y; BMI M=22.47±2.97 kg/m2. Age F=32.60±9.85 y. BMI F=23.36±3.73 kg/m2 | 235.1 µmol | Single | 1,001276053 | 2.354±0,402 µmol (SD) ((0-24h)) | Publications |