Intervention Studies for the metabolite (-)-Epicatechin with food phytochemical (-)-Epicatechin
| Food Phytochemical | Metabolite | Species | Biofluids | Origin | Dietary Source Description | Dietary Source Classification | Total Number of Subjects | Description of Population | Ingested Amount | Single/Multiple Dose | Duration of the Study | Tmax (h) | Cmax (nM) | AUC (nM/h) | Time covered by AUC (h) | t 1/2 (h) | % of 24h Urinary Excretion | Excreted Amount & Time Interval | Publications | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (-)-Epicatechin | (-)-Epicatechin | Human | Plasma | Unchanged | (−)-epicatechin powder + 40 mL of water | Pure compound | 3 | Healthy; Age=33 y; BMI=27.2 kg/m2 | 50 mg | Single | 0,5±(0.5-1.0) (IR) | 5,8±1,2 (SEM) | 19,88 | (0-6h) | Publications | ||||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | (-)-Epicatechin | Human | Plasma | Unchanged | (−)-epicatechin powder + 40 mL of water | Pure compound | 3 | Healthy; Age=33 y; BMI=27.2 kg/m2 | 100 mg | Single | 0,5±(0.5-1.0) (IR) | 20,7±11,6 (SEM) | 38,7 | (0-6h) | 2,50±0,5 (SEM) | Publications | |||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | (-)-Epicatechin | Human | Plasma | Unchanged | (−)-epicatechin powder + 40 mL of water | Pure compound | 3 | Healthy; Age=33 y; BMI=27.2 kg/m2 | 200 mg | Single | 1±(1.0-2.0) (IR) | 34,5±5,3 (SEM) | 95,4 | (0-6h) | 2,50±0,4 (SEM) | Publications | |||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | (-)-Epicatechin | Human | Plasma | Unchanged | (−)-epicatechin powder + 40 mL of water | Pure compound | 4 | Healthy; 4 M; Age=33 y; BMI=27.2±3.7 kg/m2 | 50 mg | Single | 1±(0.0-1.0) (IR) | 10,6±5,3 (SEM) | 35,5 | (0-6h) | Publications | ||||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | (-)-Epicatechin | Human | Plasma | Unchanged | (−)-epicatechin powder + 40 mL of water | Pure compound | 4 | Healthy; 4 M; Age=33 y; BMI=27.2±3.7 kg/m2 | 50 mg | Multiple | 5 days (1 dose daily) | 0,5±(0.5-2.0) (IR) | 3,3±2,3 (SEM) | 8 | (0-6h) | Publications | |||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | (-)-Epicatechin | Human | Plasma | Unchanged | (−)-epicatechin powder + 40 mL of water | Pure compound | 4 | Healthy; 4 M; Age=25.5 y; BMI=23.2± 1kg/m2 | 100 mg | Multiple | 1 day (2 doses daily) | 0,75±(0.5-6.0) (IR) | 5,5±1,7 (SEM) | 21,67 | (0-6h) | Publications | |||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | (-)-Epicatechin | Human | Plasma | Unchanged | (−)-epicatechin powder + 40 mL of water | Pure compound | 4 | Healthy; 4 M; Age=25.5 y; BMI=23.2± 1kg/m2 | 100 mg | Multiple | 5 days (2 doses daily) | 0,5±(0.5-1.0) (IR) | 3,9±1,4 (SEM) | 10,3 | (0-6h) | Publications | |||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | (-)-Epicatechin | Human | Plasma | Unchanged | 330 mL of drink | Extract | 12 | Healthy; 12 M; Age=21±2 y; BMI=24.2±1.9 kg/m2 | 1118,4 mg | Multiple | 1 day (1 dose morning + 1 dose evening) | 3,4±1,1 (SD) | 424 | (0-3h) | Publications | ||||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | (-)-Epicatechin | Human | Plasma | Unchanged | 330 mL of drink | Extract | 13 | Healthy; 13 M; Age=22±5 y; BMI=24.3±3.0 kg/m2 | 1118.4 mg | Multiple | 7 days (1 dose morning + 1 dose evening) | 3,2±1 (SD) | 346 | (0-3h) | Publications | ||||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | (-)-Epicatechin | Human | Plasma | Unchanged | cocoa dairy-based drink | Food | 10 | Healthy; Age=32±1 y; BMI=24±2 kg/m2 | 1100 mg | Single | 2 | 4±1 (SEM) | Publications | ||||||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | (-)-Epicatechin | Human | Plasma | Unchanged | 375 mg of Sunphenon BG-5 + 200 mL of water | Extract | 5 | Healthy; 5 F; Age=22 y; BMI=16.2–20.2 kg/m2 | 714 µmol | Single | 1,5 | 0,4 | Publications | ||||||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | (-)-Epicatechin | Human | Plasma | Unchanged | 20 g of milk chocolate | Food | 5 | Healthy; 5 F; Age=22 y; BMI=16.2–20.2 kg/m2 | 14 µmol | Single | 1,5 | 0,05 | Publications | ||||||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | (-)-Epicatechin | Human | Urine | Unchanged | 340 mL canned green tea | Food | 1 | Healthy; F; Age=32 y | 176,324 mg | Single | 6,1 | 0.4 mg ((0-38h)) | Publications | ||||||||
| (-)-Epicatechin | (-)-Epicatechin | Human | Plasma | Unchanged | capsules of Polyphenon E | Extract | 5 | Healthy; Age ≥ 30 y | 804 mg | Single | 2 | 10 | Publications |