- Manach C, Williamson G, Morand C, Scalbert A, Remesy C: Bioavailability and bioefficacy of polyphenols in humans. I. Review of 97 bioavailability studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Jan;81(1 Suppl):230S-242S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/81.1.230S. [PubMed:15640486 ]
- Rowland I, Faughnan M, Hoey L, Wahala K, Williamson G, Cassidy A: Bioavailability of phyto-oestrogens. Br J Nutr. 2003 Jun;89 Suppl 1:S45-58. doi: 10.1079/BJN2002796. [PubMed:12725656 ]
- Ahn-Jarvis JH, Clinton SK, Grainger EM, Riedl KM, Schwartz SJ, Lee ML, Cruz-Cano R, Young GS, Lesinski GB, Vodovotz Y: Isoflavone pharmacokinetics and metabolism after consumption of a standardized soy and soy-almond bread in men with asymptomatic prostate cancer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2015 Nov;8(11):1045-54. doi: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-14-0465. Epub 2015 Aug 14. [PubMed:26276749 ]
- Anupongsanugool E, Teekachunhatean S, Rojanasthien N, Pongsatha S, Sangdee C: Pharmacokinetics of isoflavones, daidzein and genistein, after ingestion of soy beverage compared with soy extract capsules in postmenopausal Thai women. BMC Clin Pharmacol. 2005 Mar 3;5:2. doi: 10.1186/1472-6904-5-2. [PubMed:15743537 ]
- Benvenuti C, Setnikar I: Effect of Lactobacillus sporogenes on oral isoflavones bioavailability: single dose pharmacokinetic study in menopausal women. Arzneimittelforschung. 2011;61(11):605-9. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1300562. [PubMed:22232848 ]
- Cassidy A, Brown JE, Hawdon A, Faughnan MS, King LJ, Millward J, Zimmer-Nechemias L, Wolfe B, Setchell KD: Factors affecting the bioavailability of soy isoflavones in humans after ingestion of physiologically relevant levels from different soy foods. J Nutr. 2006 Jan;136(1):45-51. doi: 10.1093/jn/136.1.45. [PubMed:16365057 ]
- Gardana C, Canzi E, Simonetti P: R(-)-O-desmethylangolensin is the main enantiomeric form of daidzein metabolite produced by human in vitro and in vivo. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2014 Mar 15;953-954:30-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.01.048. Epub 2014 Feb 7. [PubMed:24561352 ]
- Hernandez G, Zhao L, Franke AA, Chen YL, Mack WJ, Brinton RD, Schneider LS: Pharmacokinetics and safety profile of single-dose administration of an estrogen receptor beta-selective phytoestrogenic (phytoSERM) formulation in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Menopause. 2018 Feb;25(2):191-196. doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000000984. [PubMed:28926513 ]
- Howes J, Waring M, Huang L, Howes LG: Long-term pharmacokinetics of an extract of isoflavones from red clover (Trifolium pratense). J Altern Complement Med. 2002 Apr;8(2):135-42. doi: 10.1089/107555302317371424. [PubMed:12006121 ]
- Kim Y, Jeon JY, Kim EY, Lim CH, Jang HB, Kim MG: Pharmacokinetics and Safety of DW1029M, a Botanical Drug for the Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy, Following Single Doses in Healthy Subjects. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev. 2017 Sep;6(5):499-507. doi: 10.1002/cpdd.343. Epub 2017 Mar 16. [PubMed:28301092 ]
- Limopasmanee W, Chansakaow S, Rojanasthien N, Manorot M, Sangdee C, Teekachunhatean S: Effects of the Chinese Herbal Formulation (Liu Wei Di Huang Wan) on the Pharmacokinetics of Isoflavones in Postmenopausal Women. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:902702. doi: 10.1155/2015/902702. Epub 2015 Jun 4. [PubMed:26146635 ]
- Lipovac M, Pfitscher A, Hobiger S, Laschitz T, Imhof M, Chedraui P, Jungbauer A: Red clover isoflavone metabolite bioavailability is decreased after fructooligosaccharide supplementation. Fitoterapia. 2015 Sep;105:93-101. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.06.011. Epub 2015 Jun 11. [PubMed:26073948 ]
- Nagino T, Kano M, Masuoka N, Kaga C, Anbe M, Miyazaki K, Kamachi K, Isozaki M, Suzuki C, Kasuga C, Tanaka A: Intake of a fermented soymilk beverage containing moderate levels of isoflavone aglycones enhances bioavailability of isoflavones in healthy premenopausal Japanese women: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-dose, crossover trial. Biosci Microbiota Food Health. 2016;35(1):9-17. doi: 10.12938/bmfh.2015-011. Epub 2015 Sep 26. [PubMed:26858926 ]
- Rodriguez-Morato J, Farre M, Perez-Mana C, Papaseit E, Martinez-Riera R, de la Torre R, Pizarro N: Pharmacokinetic Comparison of Soy Isoflavone Extracts in Human Plasma. J Agric Food Chem. 2015 Aug 12;63(31):6946-53. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02891. Epub 2015 Aug 3. [PubMed:26186408 ]
- Rufer CE, Bub A, Moseneder J, Winterhalter P, Sturtz M, Kulling SE: Pharmacokinetics of the soybean isoflavone daidzein in its aglycone and glucoside form: a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 May;87(5):1314-23. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/87.5.1314. [PubMed:18469255 ]
- Setchell KD, Brzezinski A, Brown NM, Desai PB, Melhem M, Meredith T, Zimmer-Nechimias L, Wolfe B, Cohen Y, Blatt Y: Pharmacokinetics of a slow-release formulation of soybean isoflavones in healthy postmenopausal women. J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Mar 23;53(6):1938-44. doi: 10.1021/jf0488099. [PubMed:15769117 ]
- Teekachunhatean S, Pongnad P, Rojanasthein N, Manorot M, Sangdee C: Effects of vitamin d plus calcium supplements on pharmacokinetics of isoflavones in thai postmenopausal women. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011;2011:895471. doi: 10.1155/2011/895471. Epub 2011 May 3. [PubMed:21687791 ]
- Vergne S, Bennetau-Pelissero C, Lamothe V, Chantre P, Potier M, Asselineau J, Perez P, Durand M, Moore N, Sauvant P: Higher bioavailability of isoflavones after a single ingestion of a soya-based supplement than a soya-based food in young healthy males. Br J Nutr. 2008 Feb;99(2):333-44. doi: 10.1017/S0007114507803953. Epub 2007 Aug 3. [PubMed:17678570 ]
- Vergne S, Titier K, Bernard V, Asselineau J, Durand M, Lamothe V, Potier M, Perez P, Demotes-Mainard J, Chantre P, Moore N, Bennetau-Pelissero C, Sauvant P: Bioavailability and urinary excretion of isoflavones in humans: effects of soy-based supplements formulation and equol production. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2007 Mar 12;43(4):1488-94. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.10.006. Epub 2006 Nov 15. [PubMed:17110073 ]
- Nielsen IL, Williamson G: Review of the factors affecting bioavailability of soy isoflavones in humans. Nutr Cancer. 2007;57(1):1-10. doi: 10.1080/01635580701267677. [PubMed:17516857 ]
- Chang Y, Choue R: Plasma pharmacokinetics and urinary excretion of isoflavones after ingestion of soy products with different aglycone/glucoside ratios in South Korean women. Nutr Res Pract. 2013 Oct;7(5):393-9. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2013.7.5.393. Epub 2013 Oct 1. [PubMed:24133619 ]
- Gardana C, Simonetti P: Long-term kinetics of daidzein and its main metabolites in human equol-producers after soymilk intake: identification of equol-conjugates by UPLC-orbitrap-MS and influence of the number of transforming bacteria on plasma kinetics. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017 Jun;68(4):496-506. doi: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1256380. Epub 2016 Nov 16. [PubMed:27851886 ]
- Shinkaruk S, Durand M, Lamothe V, Carpaye A, Martinet A, Chantre P, Vergne S, Nogues X, Moore N, Bennetau-Pelissero C: Bioavailability of glycitein relatively to other soy isoflavones in healthy young Caucasian men. Food Chem. 2012 Dec 1;135(3):1104-11. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.03.135. Epub 2012 May 22. [PubMed:22953831 ]
- Simons AL, Renouf M, Murphy PA, Hendrich S: Greater apparent absorption of flavonoids is associated with lesser human fecal flavonoid disappearance rates. J Agric Food Chem. 2010 Jan 13;58(1):141-7. doi: 10.1021/jf902284u. [PubMed:19921837 ]
- Hutchins AM, Slavin JL, Lampe JW: Urinary isoflavonoid phytoestrogen and lignan excretion after consumption of fermented and unfermented soy products. J Am Diet Assoc. 1995 May;95(5):545-51. doi: 10.1016/S0002-8223(95)00149-2. [PubMed:7722188 ]
- Kim YS, Lee HJ, Cho KH, Bae HS, Park EK, Kim DH: The role of intestinal microflora on daidzein excretion in urine in humans treated with Chungpesagantang. Arch Pharm Res. 2007 Apr;30(4):481-5. doi: 10.1007/BF02980223. [PubMed:17489365 ]
- Lu LJ, Grady JJ, Marshall MV, Ramanujam VM, Anderson KE: Altered time course of urinary daidzein and genistein excretion during chronic soya diet in healthy male subjects. Nutr Cancer. 1995;24(3):311-23. doi: 10.1080/01635589509514420. [PubMed:8610050 ]