- Kahle K, Huemmer W, Kempf M, Scheppach W, Erk T, Richling E: Polyphenols are intensively metabolized in the human gastrointestinal tract after apple juice consumption. J Agric Food Chem. 2007 Dec 26;55(26):10605-14. doi: 10.1021/jf071942r. Epub 2007 Nov 30. [PubMed:18047284 ]
- Makarova E, Gornas P, Konrade I, Tirzite D, Cirule H, Gulbe A, Pugajeva I, Seglina D, Dambrova M: Acute anti-hyperglycaemic effects of an unripe apple preparation containing phlorizin in healthy volunteers: a preliminary study. J Sci Food Agric. 2015 Feb;95(3):560-8. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.6779. Epub 2014 Jul 4. [PubMed:24917557 ]
- Auclair S, Chironi G, Milenkovic D, Hollman PC, Renard CM, Megnien JL, Gariepy J, Paul JL, Simon A, Scalbert A: The regular consumption of a polyphenol-rich apple does not influence endothelial function: a randomised double-blind trial in hypercholesterolemic adults. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2010 Oct;64(10):1158-65. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2010.135. Epub 2010 Aug 4. [PubMed:20683465 ]
- DuPont MS, Bennett RN, Mellon FA, Williamson G: Polyphenols from alcoholic apple cider are absorbed, metabolized and excreted by humans. J Nutr. 2002 Feb;132(2):172-5. [PubMed:11823574 ]
- Saenger T, Hubner F, Humpf HU: Short-term biomarkers of apple consumption. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2017 Mar;61(3). doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201600629. Epub 2016 Dec 20. [PubMed:27794196 ]
- Marks SC, Mullen W, Borges G, Crozier A: Absorption, metabolism, and excretion of cider dihydrochalcones in healthy humans and subjects with an ileostomy. J Agric Food Chem. 2009 Mar 11;57(5):2009-15. doi: 10.1021/jf802757x. [PubMed:19199586 ]