Intervention Studies for the metabolite 5-(Phenyl)-gamma-valerolactone-3'-sulfate with food phytochemical Cocoa Flavan-3-ols
| Food Phytochemical | Metabolite | Species | Biofluids | Origin | Dietary Source Description | Dietary Source Classification | Total Number of Subjects | Description of Population | Ingested Amount | Single/Multiple Dose | Duration of the Study | Tmax (h) | Cmax (nM) | AUC (nM/h) | Time covered by AUC (h) | t 1/2 (h) | % of 24h Urinary Excretion | Excreted Amount & Time Interval | Publications | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cocoa Flavan-3-ols | 5-(Phenyl)-gamma-valerolactone-3'-sulfate | Human | Plasma; Urine | Host-gut microbiota co-metabolite | cocoa-based products containing coffee | Food | 21 | Healthy; 11 F; 10 M; Age=22.9 ± 0.5 y; BMI: 22.3 ± 1.7 kg/m2 | 15,6 µmol | Multiple | 1 month (twice daily) | 6,3±1,4 (SEM) | 1,5±0,4 (SEM) | 10,9 | (0-24h) | 9,358974359 | 1.46±0,29 µmol (SEM) ((0-24h)) | Publications | |||
| Cocoa Flavan-3-ols | 5-(Phenyl)-gamma-valerolactone-3'-sulfate | Human | Plasma; Urine | Host-gut microbiota co-metabolite | 25 g of flavanol-rich cocoa + 200 mL of milk | Food | 13 | Healthy; 3 M; 10 F; Age M=26.67±3.21 y; BMI M=22.47±2.97 kg/m2. Age F=32.60±9.85 y. BMI F=23.36±3.73 kg/m2 | 235.1 µmol | Single | 5,2±2,2 (SD) | 0,039±0,014 (SD) | 0,161 | (0-8h) | 3,297320289 | 7.752±2,868 µmol (SD) ((0-24h)) | Publications | ||||
| Cocoa Flavan-3-ols | 5-(Phenyl)-gamma-valerolactone-3'-sulfate | Human | Urine | Host-gut microbiota co-metabolite | 15 g of cocoa + 200 mL of milk | Food | 13 | Healthy; 3 M; 10 F; Age M=26.67±3.21 y; BMI M=22.47±2.97 kg/m2. Age F=32.60±9.85 y. BMI F=23.36±3.73 kg/m2 | 68.2 µmol | Single | 2,479472141 | 1.691±0,802 µmol (SD) ((0-24h)) | Publications |