Intervention Studies for the metabolite 5-(4′-Hydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone-3′-glucuronide with food phytochemical Cocoa Flavan-3-ols
| Food Phytochemical | Metabolite | Species | Biofluids | Origin | Dietary Source Description | Dietary Source Classification | Total Number of Subjects | Description of Population | Ingested Amount | Single/Multiple Dose | Duration of the Study | Tmax (h) | Cmax (nM) | AUC (nM/h) | Time covered by AUC (h) | t 1/2 (h) | % of 24h Urinary Excretion | Excreted Amount & Time Interval | Publications | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cocoa Flavan-3-ols | 5-(4′-Hydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone-3′-glucuronide | Human | Urine | Host-gut microbiota co-metabolite | cocoa-based products containing coffee | Food | 21 | Healthy; 11 F; 10 M; Age=22.9 ± 0.5 y; BMI: 22.3 ± 1.7 kg/m2 | 15,6 µmol | Multiple | 1 month (twice daily) | 4,871794872 | 0.76±0,13 µmol (SEM) ((0-24h)) | Publications | |||||||
| Cocoa Flavan-3-ols | 5-(4′-Hydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone-3′-glucuronide | Human | Plasma; Urine | Host-gut microbiota co-metabolite | 15 g of cocoa + 200 mL of milk | Food | 13 | Healthy; 3 M; 10 F; Age M=26.67±3.21 y; BMI M=22.47±2.97 kg/m2. Age F=32.60±9.85 y. BMI F=23.36±3.73 kg/m2 | 68.2 µmol | Single | 5,6±0,8 (SD) | 0,031±0,004 (SD) | 0,106 | (0-8h) | 0,8797653959 | 0.600±0,232 µmol (SD) ((0-24h)) | Publications | ||||
| Cocoa Flavan-3-ols | 5-(4′-Hydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone-3′-glucuronide | Human | Plasma; Urine | Host-gut microbiota co-metabolite | 25 g of flavanol-rich cocoa + 200 mL of milk | Food | 13 | Healthy; 3 M; 10 F; Age M=26.67±3.21 y; BMI M=22.47±2.97 kg/m2. Age F=32.60±9.85 y. BMI F=23.36±3.73 kg/m2 | 235.1 µmol | Single | 5±1,2 (SD) | 0,357±0,2 (SD) | 1,433 | (0-8h) | 1,002977456 | 2.358±0,766 µmol (SD) ((0-24h)) | Publications |