Intervention Studies for the metabolite 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone with food phytochemical Cocoa Flavan-3-ols
| Food Phytochemical | Metabolite | Species | Biofluids | Origin | Dietary Source Description | Dietary Source Classification | Total Number of Subjects | Description of Population | Ingested Amount | Single/Multiple Dose | Duration of the Study | Tmax (h) | Cmax (nM) | AUC (nM/h) | Time covered by AUC (h) | t 1/2 (h) | % of 24h Urinary Excretion | Excreted Amount & Time Interval | Publications | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cocoa Flavan-3-ols | 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone | Human | Plasma; Urine | Gut microbiota metabolite | 15 g of cocoa + 200 mL of milk | Food | 13 | Healthy; 3 M; 10 F; Age M=26.67±3.21 y; BMI M=22.47±2.97 kg/m2. Age F=32.60±9.85 y. BMI F=23.36±3.73 kg/m2 | 68.2 µmol | Single | 6±1,6 (SD) | 0,035±0,008 (SD) | 0,124 | (0-8h) | 0,2140762463 | 0.146±0,032 µmol (SD) ((0-24h)) | Publications | ||||
| Cocoa Flavan-3-ols | 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone | Human | Plasma; Urine | Gut microbiota metabolite | 25 g of flavanol-rich cocoa + 200 mL of milk | Food | 13 | Healthy; 3 M; 10 F; Age M=26.67±3.21 y; BMI M=22.47±2.97 kg/m2. Age F=32.60±9.85 y. BMI F=23.36±3.73 kg/m2 | 235.1 µmol | Single | 5,5±1,4 (SD) | 0,037±0,007 (SD) | 0,192 | (0-8h) | 0,4610803913 | 1.084±0,199 µmol (SD) ((0-24h)) | Publications | ||||
| Cocoa Flavan-3-ols | 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone | Human | Urine | Gut microbiota metabolite | 99 g of nut cream (20 % of cocoa) | Food | 12 | Healthy; 4 M; 8 F; Age=24±3; BMI=23.1±1.5 kg/m2 | 190 µmol | Multiple | 1 dose morning + 1 dose at lunch + 1 dose at dinner | 0,005 | 9.5 nmol ((0-24h)) | Publications | |||||||
| Cocoa Flavan-3-ols | 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone | Human | Urine | Gut microbiota metabolite | 99 g of cocoa-nut cream + cocoa in free form | Food | 12 | Healthy; 4 M; 8 F; Age=24±3; BMI=23.1±1.5 kg/m2 | 385,1 µmol | Multiple | 1 dose morning + 1 dose at lunch + 1 dose at dinner | 0,0009088548429 | 3.5 nmol ((0-24h)) | Publications | |||||||
| Cocoa Flavan-3-ols | 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone | Human | Urine | Gut microbiota metabolite | 99 g of cocoa-nut cream + cocoa in encapsulated form | Food | 12 | Healthy; 4 M; 8 F; Age=24±3; BMI=23.1±1.5 kg/m2 | 385,3 µmol | Multiple | 1 dose morning + 1 dose at lunch + 1 dose at dinner | 0,001064105892 | 4.1 nmol ((0-24h)) | Publications |