Intervention Studies for the metabolite 4-Hydroxyhippuric acid with food phytochemical Orange flavanones
| Food Phytochemical | Metabolite | Species | Biofluids | Origin | Dietary Source Description | Dietary Source Classification | Total Number of Subjects | Description of Population | Ingested Amount | Single/Multiple Dose | Duration of the Study | Tmax (h) | Cmax (nM) | AUC (nM/h) | Time covered by AUC (h) | t 1/2 (h) | % of 24h Urinary Excretion | Excreted Amount & Time Interval | Publications | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Orange flavanones | 4-Hydroxyhippuric acid | Human | Plasma | Gut microbiota metabolite | 500 mL Orange juice (Tropicana with bits) | food | 10 | Endurance trained; M; Age= 31.8 ± 5.7; BMI= 21.7 ± 1.8 kg/m2 | 330 μmol flavanones µmol | Single | 4.0±0.2 (SEM) | 58±2 (SEM) | 224 | 0-8 h | Publications | ||||||
| Orange flavanones | 4-Hydroxyhippuric acid | Human | Urine | Gut microbiota metabolite | 555 mL Orange juice (Tropicana with bits) | food | 10 | Endurance-trained; M; BMI= 21.7 ± 0.6 kg/m²; performed 5-10 h endurance training per week | 330 µmol flavanones | Single | 1.1 (SEM) | 4.5±0.3 µmol (SEM) (0-24h) | Publications | ||||||||
| Orange flavanones | 4-Hydroxyhippuric acid | Human | Urine | Gut microbiota metabolite | 556 mL Orange juice (Tropicana with bits) | food | 10 | Endurance-trained; M; BMI= 21.7 ± 0.6 kg/m²; stoping training for 7 days | 330 µmol flavanones | Single | 1.43 (SEM) | 5.7±0.45 µmol (SEM) (0-24h) | Publications | ||||||||
| Orange flavanones | 4-Hydroxyhippuric acid | Human | Plasma | Gut microbiota metabolite | 500 mL orange Juice: Citrus sinensis | food | 9 | Healthy;2M; 7F; Age= 21 -25; BMI= 21.1 ± 2.4 kg/m² | 502.7± 20.7 µmol flavanones | Single | 2.3±0.5 (SEM) | 120±18 (SEM) | 531 | 0-8 h | Publications | ||||||
| Orange flavanones | 4-Hydroxyhippuric acid | Human | Plasma | Gut microbiota metabolite | 500 ml fermented orange Juice | food | 9 | Healthy;2M; 7F; Age= 21 -25; BMI= 21.1 ± 2.4 kg/m² | 667.2±31.6 µmol flavanones | Single | 3.4±0.6 (SEM) | 125±14 (SEM) | 551 | 0-8 h | Publications | ||||||
| Orange flavanones | 4-Hydroxyhippuric acid | Human | Urine | Gut microbiota metabolite | 400 g orange fruit | food | 11 | Healthy, Age= 28;BMI= 23.2±1.8kg/m2 | 1477 µmol | Single | 24 hours | 21.6 µmol (SEM) (0-24h) | Publications | ||||||||
| Orange flavanones | 4-Hydroxyhippuric acid | Human | Urine | Gut microbiota metabolite | 719 g pasteurized orange juice | food | 11 | Healthy; Age=28; BMI= BMI 23.2±1.8kg/m² | 636 µmol | Single | 24 hours | 18.3 µmol (SEM) (0-24h) | Publications | ||||||||
| Orange flavanones | 4-Hydroxyhippuric acid | Human | Urine | Gut microbiota metabolite | 350 mL Orange juice with 1 g B. longum R0175 | food | 15 | Healthy; BMI= 18- 35 kg/m2 | 169 µl flavanones µmol | Single | 1.2 (SEM) | 2.3±0.5 µmol (SEM) (0-24h) | Publications | ||||||||
| Orange flavanones | 4-Hydroxyhippuric acid | Human | Urine | Gut microbiota metabolite | 350 mL Orange juice (after 1 g B. longum R0175 1 month) | food | 15 | Healthy; BMI= 18- 35 kg/m2 | 169 µl flavanones µmol | Single | 5.6 (SEM) | 11±2 µmol (SEM) (0-24h) | Publications | ||||||||
| Orange flavanones | 4-Hydroxyhippuric acid | Human | Urine | Gut microbiota metabolite | 250 ml pulp enriched orange juice | food | 11 | Healthy; Age=23-60;BMI=23.9- 37.2 kg/m² | 537 µmol flavanones [naringenin-7-O-rutinoside (114 µmol), hesperetin-7-O-rutinoside (329 µmol), didymin(19 µmol), naringenin-7-O-rutinoside-4'-O-glucoside (51 µmol); hesperetin-7-O-rutinoside-3'-Oglucoside (19 µmol), eriodictyol-7-O-rutinoside (5 µmol)] | Single | 24h | 3.53 | 19 | Publications | |||||||
| Orange flavanones | 4-Hydroxyhippuric acid | Human | Plasma and Urine | Gut microbiota metabolite | 500 ml of orange juice | food | 12 | Healthy; M; Age=31.8±5.7; BMI=21.7±1.8kg/m² | 250µmol of hesperetin derivatives and 75µmol of naringenin derivatives | Single | 24h | Publications | |||||||||
| Orange flavanones | 4-Hydroxyhippuric acid | Human | Plasma | Gut microbiota metabolite | 500 mL Orange juice (Tropicana with bits) | food | 10 | Endurance trained; M; Age= 31.8 ± 5.7; BMI= 21.7 ± 1.8 kg/m2 | 330 μmol flavanones µmol | Single | 4.0±0.2 (SEM) | 58±2 (SEM) | 224 | 0-8 h | Publications | ||||||
| Orange flavanones | 4-Hydroxyhippuric acid | Human | Plasma | Gut microbiota metabolite | 500 mL orange Juice: Citrus sinensis | food | 9 | Healthy;2M; 7F; Age= 21 -25; BMI= 21.1 ± 2.4 kg/m² | 502.7± 20.7 µmol flavanones | Single | 2.3±0.5 (SEM) | 120±18 (SEM) | 531 | 0-8 h | Publications | ||||||
| Orange flavanones | 4-Hydroxyhippuric acid | Human | Plasma | Gut microbiota metabolite | 500 ml fermented orange Juice | food | 9 | Healthy;2M; 7F; Age= 21 -25; BMI= 21.1 ± 2.4 kg/m² | 667.2±31.6 µmol flavanones | Single | 3.4±0.6 (SEM) | 125±14 (SEM) | 551 | 0-8 h | Publications | ||||||
| Orange flavanones | 4-Hydroxyhippuric acid | Human | Plasma; Urine | Gut microbiota metabolite | 500 ml of orange juice | food | 12 | Healthy; M; Age=31.8±5.7; BMI=21.7±1.8kg/m² | 250µmol of hesperetin derivatives and 75µmol of naringenin derivatives | Single | 24h | Publications | |||||||||
| Orange flavanones | 4-Hydroxyhippuric acid | Human | Urine | Gut microbiota metabolite | 250 ml pulp enriched orange juice | food | 11 | Healthy; Age=23-60;BMI=23.9- 37.2 kg/m² | 537 µmol flavanones [naringenin-7-O-rutinoside (114 µmol), hesperetin-7-O-rutinoside (329 µmol), didymin(19 µmol), naringenin-7-O-rutinoside-4'-O-glucoside (51 µmol); hesperetin-7-O-rutinoside-3'-Oglucoside (19 µmol), eriodictyol-7-O-rutinoside (5 µmol)] | Single | 24h | 3,53 | 19±3 | Publications | |||||||
| Orange flavanones | 4-Hydroxyhippuric acid | Human | Urine | Gut microbiota metabolite | 350 mL Orange juice with 1 g B. longum R0175 | food | 15 | Healthy; BMI= 18- 35 kg/m2 | 169 µl flavanones µmol | Single | 1.2±0.5 (SEM) | 2.3±1 µmol (SEM) (0-24h) | Publications | ||||||||
| Orange flavanones | 4-Hydroxyhippuric acid | Human | Urine | Gut microbiota metabolite | 350 mL Orange juice (after 1 g B. longum R0175 1 month) | food | 15 | Healthy; BMI= 18- 35 kg/m2 | 169 µl flavanones µmol | Single | 5.6±2 (SEM) | 11±4 µmol (SEM) (0-24h) | Publications | ||||||||
| Orange flavanones | 4-Hydroxyhippuric acid | Human | Urine | Gut microbiota metabolite | 555 mL Orange juice (Tropicana with bits) | food | 10 | Endurance-trained; M; BMI= 21.7 ± 0.6 kg/m²; performed 5-10 h endurance training per week | 330 µmol flavanones | Single | 1.1±0.3 (SEM) | 4.5±1.3 µmol (SEM) (0-24h) | Publications | ||||||||
| Orange flavanones | 4-Hydroxyhippuric acid | Human | Urine | Gut microbiota metabolite | 556 mL Orange juice (Tropicana with bits) | food | 10 | Endurance-trained; M; BMI= 21.7 ± 0.6 kg/m²; stoping training for 7 days | 330 µmol flavanones | Single | 1.43±0.45 (SEM) | 5.7±1.8 µmol (SEM) (0-24h) | Publications | ||||||||
| Orange flavanones | 4-Hydroxyhippuric acid | Human | Urine | Gut microbiota metabolite | 400 g orange fruit | food | 11 | Healthy, Age= 28;BMI= 23.2±1.8kg/m2 | 1477 µmol | Single | 24 hours | 21.6±8 µmol (SEM) (0-24h) | Publications | ||||||||
| Orange flavanones | 4-Hydroxyhippuric acid | Human | Urine | Gut microbiota metabolite | 719 g pasteurized orange juice | food | 11 | Healthy; Age=28; BMI= BMI 23.2±1.8kg/m² | 636 µmol | Single | 24 hours | 18.3±7,2 µmol (SEM) (0-24h) | Publications |