Identification

PhytoHub ID
PHUB000262
Name
(-)-Epicatechin
Systematic Name
(−)-Epicatechin
Synonyms
  • (2R,3R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,5,7-triol
  • 3,5,7,3',4'-Pentahydroxyflavane
  • Epicatechol
CAS Number
490-46-0
Average Mass
290.271
Monoisotopic Mass
290.079038171
Chemical Formula
C15H14O6
IUPAC Name
(2R,3R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-3,5,7-triol
InChI Key
PFTAWBLQPZVEMU-UKRRQHHQSA-N
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C15H14O6/c16-8-4-11(18)9-6-13(20)15(21-14(9)5-8)7-1-2-10(17)12(19)3-7/h1-5,13,15-20H,6H2/t13-,15-/m1/s1
SMILES
O[C@@H]1CC2=C(O[C@@H]1C1=CC(O)=C(O)C=C1)C=C(O)C=C2O
Structure

Calculated Properties

Solubility (ALOGPS)
6.45e-01 g/l
LogS (ALOGPS)
-2.65
LogP (ALOGPS)
1.02
Hydrogen Acceptors
6
Hydrogen Donors
5
Rotatable Bond Count
1
Polar Surface Area
110.38000000000001
Refractivity
73.99970000000002
Polarizability
28.70641069763134
Formal Charge
0
Physiological Charge
0
pKa (strongest basic)
-3.2897193322428566
pKa (strongest acidic)
9.004573813837975
Number of Rings
3
Rule of Five
Yes
Bioavailability
Yes
Ghose Filter
Yes
Veber's Rule
No
MDDR-like Rule
No

Taxonomy as Food Phytochemical

Family
Polyphenols
Class
Flavonoids
Sub-class
Flavan-3-ols

Taxonomy as Metabolite

Metabolite Family
(Poly)phenol metabolites
Metabolite Class
Flavonoid metabolites
Metabolite Sub-class
Flavan-3-ols (parent and host metabolites)

Taxonomy of its Food Phytochemical Precursor(s)

Food PhytochemicalFamilyClassSub-class
Procyanidin dimer B2PolyphenolsFlavonoidsFlavan-3-olsShow Food Phytochemical
(-)-EpicatechinPolyphenolsFlavonoidsFlavan-3-olsShow Food Phytochemical

Classyfire Taxonomy

Kingdom Name
Organic compounds
Class
Flavonoids
Super-class
Phenylpropanoids and polyketides
Sub-class
Flavans
Direct Parent Name
Catechins
Alternative Parent Names
["1-benzopyrans", "1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids", "1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoids", "3'-hydroxyflavonoids", "3-hydroxyflavonoids", "4'-hydroxyflavonoids", "5-hydroxyflavonoids", "7-hydroxyflavonoids", "Alkyl aryl ethers", "Benzene and substituted derivatives", "Catechols", "Hydrocarbon derivatives", "Oxacyclic compounds", "Polyols", "Secondary alcohols"]
External Descriptor Annotations
["Condensed tannins (Proanthocyanidins)", "Flavan 3-ols", "Flavans, Flavanols and Leucoanthocyanidins", "catechin", "polyphenol"]
Substituent Names
["1-benzopyran", "1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid", "1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid", "3'-hydroxyflavonoid", "3-hydroxyflavonoid", "4'-hydroxyflavonoid", "5-hydroxyflavonoid", "7-hydroxyflavonoid", "Alcohol", "Alkyl aryl ether", "Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound", "Benzenoid", "Benzopyran", "Catechin", "Catechol", "Chromane", "Ether", "Hydrocarbon derivative", "Hydroxyflavonoid", "Monocyclic benzene moiety", "Organic oxygen compound", "Organoheterocyclic compound", "Organooxygen compound", "Oxacycle", "Phenol", "Polyol", "Secondary alcohol"]

Spectra from Online Resources

Record IDSourceDescriptionView
BML00626MassBankLC-ESI-QTOF Spectrum - 10 ev, unspecifiedView Spectra
BML00630MassBankLC-ESI-QTOF Spectrum - 20 ev, unspecifiedView Spectra
BML00634MassBankLC-ESI-QTOF Spectrum - 40 ev, unspecifiedView Spectra
BML80050MassBankLC-ESI-QTOF Spectrum - -, unspecifiedView Spectra
BML80051MassBankLC-ESI-QTOF Spectrum - -, unspecifiedView Spectra
CE000088MassBankLC-ESI-ITFT Spectrum - 35eV, unspecifiedView Spectra
CE000089MassBankLC-ESI-ITFT Spectrum - 45eV, unspecifiedView Spectra
CE000090MassBankLC-ESI-ITFT Spectrum - 55eV, unspecifiedView Spectra
CE000091MassBankLC-ESI-ITFT Spectrum - 70eV, unspecifiedView Spectra
CE000092MassBankLC-ESI-ITFT Spectrum - -, unspecifiedView Spectra
FIO00067MassBankLC-ESI-QTOF Spectrum - 10 eV, unspecifiedView Spectra
FIO00068MassBankLC-ESI-QTOF Spectrum - 20 eV, unspecifiedView Spectra
FIO00069MassBankLC-ESI-QTOF Spectrum - 30 eV, unspecifiedView Spectra
FIO00070MassBankLC-ESI-QTOF Spectrum - 40 eV, unspecifiedView Spectra
FIO00071MassBankLC-ESI-QTOF Spectrum - 50 eV, unspecifiedView Spectra
FIO00072MassBankLC-ESI-QTOF Spectrum - 10 eV, unspecifiedView Spectra
FIO00073MassBankLC-ESI-QTOF Spectrum - 20 eV, unspecifiedView Spectra
FIO00074MassBankLC-ESI-QTOF Spectrum - 30 eV, unspecifiedView Spectra
FIO00075MassBankLC-ESI-QTOF Spectrum - 40 eV, unspecifiedView Spectra
FIO00076MassBankLC-ESI-QTOF Spectrum - 50 eV, unspecifiedView Spectra
OUF00223MassBankGC-EI-TOF Spectrum - -, unspecifiedView Spectra
PB001329MassBankLC-ESI-QTOF Spectrum - 15 eV, unspecifiedView Spectra
PB001330MassBankLC-ESI-QTOF Spectrum - 25 eV, unspecifiedView Spectra
PB001331MassBankLC-ESI-QTOF Spectrum - 40 eV, unspecifiedView Spectra
PB001332MassBankLC-ESI-QTOF Spectrum - 55 eV, unspecifiedView Spectra
PB001337MassBankLC-ESI-QTOF Spectrum - 15 eV, unspecifiedView Spectra
PB001338MassBankLC-ESI-QTOF Spectrum - 25 eV, unspecifiedView Spectra
PB001339MassBankLC-ESI-QTOF Spectrum - 40 eV, unspecifiedView Spectra
PB001340MassBankLC-ESI-QTOF Spectrum - 55 eV, unspecifiedView Spectra
PB002429MassBankLC-ESI-QTOF Spectrum - 15 eV, unspecifiedView Spectra
PB002430MassBankLC-ESI-QTOF Spectrum - 25 eV, unspecifiedView Spectra
PB002431MassBankLC-ESI-QTOF Spectrum - 40 eV, unspecifiedView Spectra
PB002432MassBankLC-ESI-QTOF Spectrum - 55 eV, unspecifiedView Spectra
PB006281MassBankLC-ESI-QTOF Spectrum - 10 eV, unspecifiedView Spectra
PB006301MassBankLC-ESI-QTOF Spectrum - 15 eV, unspecifiedView Spectra
PB006302MassBankLC-ESI-QTOF Spectrum - 20 eV, unspecifiedView Spectra
PR100262MassBankLC-ESI-QTOF Spectrum - Ramp 5-60 V, unspecifiedView Spectra
PR100263MassBankLC-ESI-QTOF Spectrum - Ramp 5-60 V, unspecifiedView Spectra
PR100264MassBankLC-ESI-QTOF Spectrum - Ramp 5-60 V, unspecifiedView Spectra
PR100687MassBankLC-ESI-QTOF Spectrum - Ramp 5-60 V, unspecifiedView Spectra
PR100688MassBankLC-ESI-QTOF Spectrum - Ramp 5-60 V, unspecifiedView Spectra
PR100689MassBankLC-ESI-QTOF Spectrum - Ramp 5-60 V, unspecifiedView Spectra

Food Sources

Food Sources of its Food Phytochemical(s)

Food PhytochemicalFood SourceFood Source Group
(-)-EpicatechinAlmondNuts PublicationsShow
Procyanidin dimer B2AppleFruit, Pomes PublicationsShow
(-)-EpicatechinAppleFruit, Pomes PublicationsShow
Procyanidin dimer B2Apple ciderBeverages, Alcoholic PublicationsShow
(-)-EpicatechinApple ciderBeverages, Alcoholic PublicationsShow
Procyanidin dimer B2Apple juiceBeverages, Non-alcoholic PublicationsShow
(-)-EpicatechinApple juiceBeverages, Non-alcoholic PublicationsShow
Procyanidin dimer B2ApricotFruit, Drupes PublicationsShow
(-)-EpicatechinApricotFruit, Drupes PublicationsShow
(-)-EpicatechinBeerBeverages, Alcoholic PublicationsShow
Procyanidin dimer B2Black teaTeas and herbal teas PublicationsShow
(-)-EpicatechinBlack teaTeas and herbal teas PublicationsShow
Procyanidin dimer B2BlackberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
(-)-EpicatechinBlackberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
(-)-EpicatechinBroad beanPulses and beans PublicationsShow
(-)-EpicatechinChocolateCocoa and cocoa products PublicationsShow
(-)-EpicatechinCiderBeverages, Alcoholic PublicationsShow
Procyanidin dimer B2CocoaCocoa and cocoa products PublicationsShow
(-)-EpicatechinCocoaCocoa and cocoa products PublicationsShow
Procyanidin dimer B2Cocoa beanCocoa and cocoa products PublicationsShow
(-)-EpicatechinCocoa beanCocoa and cocoa products PublicationsShow
(-)-EpicatechinCocoa powderCocoa and cocoa products PublicationsShow
(-)-EpicatechinCommon chokecherryFruit, Drupes PublicationsShow
(-)-EpicatechinCommon walnutNuts PublicationsShow
(-)-EpicatechinEuropean cranberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
(-)-EpicatechinEuropean plumFruit, Drupes PublicationsShow
(-)-EpicatechinGrapeFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
Procyanidin dimer B2Green teaTeas and herbal teas PublicationsShow
(-)-EpicatechinGreen teaTeas and herbal teasShow
(-)-EpicatechinPeachFruit, Drupes PublicationsShow
(-)-EpicatechinPearFruit, Pomes PublicationsShow
(-)-EpicatechinPomegranateFruit, Tropical fruits PublicationsShow
(-)-EpicatechinStrawberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
(-)-EpicatechinSweet cherryFruit, Drupes PublicationsShow
(-)-EpicatechinTeaTeas and herbal teas PublicationsShow

Role as Biomarker of intake

No roles as Biomarker of intake found

Metabolism

Food PhytochemicalMetaboliteSpeciesBiofluidsOriginTMaxCMaxUrinary ExcretionFormulaMonoisotopic mass
(-)-Epicatechin (-)-Epicatechinhumanplasma, urineunchanged1h-3h50-200 nmol/L5-10%C15H14O6290.079038171 Detailed Intervention Studies Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 4'-Hydroxyphenylacetic acidhumanNot Availablegut microbiota metaboliteNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC8H8O3152.047344118 Publications
(-)-Epicatechin (-)-Epicatechin 3'-O-glucuronidehumanplasma, plasma (major), urine, urine (major)host metabolism1h-3h200-500 nmol/L1-5%C21H22O12466.111126148 Detailed Intervention Studies Publications
(-)-Epicatechin (-)-Epicatechin 3'-O-sulfatehumanplasma, plasma (major), urine, urine (major)host metabolism1h-3h200-500 nmol/L1-5%C15H14O9S370.035853205 Detailed Intervention Studies Publications
(-)-Epicatechin (-)-Epicatechin 4'-O-glucuronidehumanplasma, urine, urine (minor)host metabolism1h-3h20-50 nmol/L<1%C21H22O12466.111126148 Detailed Intervention Studies Publications
(-)-Epicatechin (-)-Epicatechin 4'-O-sulfatehumanplasma, plasma (minor), urine, urine (minor)host metabolism3h-5h<20 nmol/L<1%C15H14O9S370.035853205 Detailed Intervention Studies Publications
(-)-Epicatechin (-)-Epicatechin 5-O-sulfatehumanplasma, urine, urine (minor)host metabolism1h-3h20-50 nmol/L<1%C15H14O9S370.035853205 Detailed Intervention Studies Publications
(-)-Epicatechin (-)-Epicatechin 7-O-glucuronidehuman ratplasma, urine (major)host metabolismNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC21H22O12466.111126148 Detailed Intervention Studies Publications
(-)-Epicatechin (-)-Epicatechin glucuronidehumanplasmaNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC21H22O12466.3989068 Publications
(-)-Epicatechin (-)-Epicatechin sulfoglucuronidehumanplasma, urineNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC21H22O15S546.4612115 Publications
(-)-Epicatechin (Epi)catechin O-glucuronidehumanileal fluid, plasma, urinehost metabolismNot Available50-200 nmol/L10-30%C21H22O12466.3989068 Publications
(-)-Epicatechin (Epi)catechin O-sulfatehumanileal fluid, plasma, urinehost metabolismNot Available50-200 nmol/L10-30%C15H14O9S370.335352 Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 1-(3',4'-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(2'',4'',6''-trihydroxyphenyl)propan-2-olin vitro (human)Not Availablegut microbiota metaboliteNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC15H16O6292.094688235 Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 1-(Hydroxyphenyl)-3-(2'',4'',6''-trihydroxyphenyl)propan-2-olin vitro (human)Not Availablegut microbiota metaboliteNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC15H16O5276.2896941 Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 3-(3',4'-Dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acidin vitro (human)Not Availablegut microbiota metaboliteNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC9H10O4182.057908802 Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 3-(3'-Hydroxyphenyl)propionic acidin vitro (human)Not Availablegut microbiota metaboliteNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC9H10O3166.062994182 Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 3'-Hydroxyphenylacetic acidin vitro (human)Not Availablegut microbiota metaboliteNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC8H8O3152.047344118 Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 3'-O-Methyl-(-)-epicatechin 4'-O-sulfatehumanplasma, urine, urine (minor)host metabolism3h-5h50-200 nmol/L<1%C16H16O9S384.051503269 Detailed Intervention Studies Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 3'-O-Methyl-(-)-epicatechin 5-O-sulfatehuman ratplasma, plasma (major), urine, urine (major)host metabolism1h-3h50-200 nmol/L1-5%C16H16O9S384.051503269 Detailed Intervention Studies Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 3'-O-Methyl-(-)-epicatechin 7-O-sulfatehumanplasma, urine, urine (minor)host metabolism1h-3h50-200 nmol/L<1%C16H16O9S384.051503269 Detailed Intervention Studies Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 3'-O-Methyl-(-)-epicatechin glucuronidehumanurine (minor)host metabolismNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC22H24O12480.4258956 Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 3'-O-Methyl(epi)catechin O-sulfatehumanileal fluid, plasma, urinehost metabolismNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC16H16O9S384.3623408 Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 4'-O-Methyl-(-)-epicatechin 5-O-sulfatehumanplasma, plasma (minor), urine, urine (minor)host metabolism3h-5h<20 nmol/L<1%C16H16O9S384.051503269 Detailed Intervention Studies Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 4'-O-Methyl-(-)-epicatechin 7-O-sulfatehumanplasma, plasma (major), urine, urine (major)host metabolism3h-5h<20 nmol/L<1%C16H16O9S384.051503269 Detailed Intervention Studies Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 4'-O-Methyl-(-)-epicatechin glucuronidehumanurine, urine (minor)host metabolismNot AvailableNot Available<1%C22H24O12480.4258956 Detailed Intervention Studies Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 4'-O-methyl(epi)catechin O-sulfatehumanileal fluid, plasma, urineNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC16H16O9S384.3623408 Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-gamma-valerolactonehuman in vitro (human) ratplasma, urinegut microbiota metabolite5h-8hNot AvailableNot AvailableC11H12O4208.073558866 Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)valeric acidin vitro (human)Not Availablegut microbiota metaboliteNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC11H14O4210.089208931 Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(3'-hydroxyphenyl)valeric acidin vitro (human)Not Availablegut microbiota metaboliteNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC11H14O3194.094294311 Publications
(-)-Epicatechin Methyl-(-)-epicatechin sulfatehumanplasma, urinehost metabolism1h-3h20-50 nmol/L1-5%C16H16O9S384.3623408 Publications
(-)-Epicatechin Methyl-(-)-epicatechin sulfoglucuronidehumanplasma, urineNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC22H24O15S560.4882003 Publications
(-)-Epicatechin Phenylacetic acidin vitro (human)Not Availablegut microbiota metaboliteNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC8H8O2136.052429498 Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 3-Hydroxyhippuric acidhumanurinehost-gut microbiota co-metaboliteNot AvailableNot Available5-10%C9H9NO4195.053157774 Detailed Intervention Studies Publications
(-)-Epicatechin Hippuric acidhuman raturinehost-gut microbiota co-metaboliteNot AvailableNot Available10-30%C9H9NO3179.058243154 Detailed Intervention Studies Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(3'-Hydroxyphenyl)-gamma-valerolactonein vitro (human)Not AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC11H12O3192.078644246 Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 3-(3'-Hydroxyphenyl)hydracrylic acidhumanurinegut microbiota metaboliteNot AvailableNot Available5-10%C9H10O4182.057908802 Detailed Intervention Studies Publications
(-)-Epicatechin (-)-Epicatechin-5-O-glucuronidehuman ratplasma (minor), urine (minor)host metabolismNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC21H22O12466.111126148 Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 3'-O-Methoxy-(-)-epicatechin-5-O-glucuronidehuman ratplasma, urinehost metabolismNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC22H24O12480.126776213 Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(3'-hydroxyphenyl)-gamma-hydroxyvaleric acid -4'-O-glucuronidehuman ratplasma, urinehost-gut microbiota co-metabolite5h-8h50-200 nmol/L<1%C17H22O11402.116211528 Detailed Intervention Studies Publications
(-)-Epicatechin (-)-Epicatechin-7-O-glucuronidehumanplasma, urinehost metabolism<1h20-50 nmol/L1-5%C21H22O12466.111126148 Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 3'-O-Methyl-epicatechinraturinehost metabolismNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC16H16O6304.094688235 Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 4-hydroxy-5-(3'-methoxyphenyl)valeric acid-4'-glucuronideraturinegut microbiota metaboliteNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC18H24O11416.131861593 Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(3'-Hydroxyphenyl)-gamma-hydroxyvaleric acidraturinegut microbiota metaboliteNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC11H14O4210.089208931 Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(Phenyl)-gamma-hydroxyvaleric acid-3'-sulfateraturinegut microbiota metaboliteNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC11H14O7S290.046023965 Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(Phenyl)-gamma-valerolactone-3'-sulfatehuman ratplasma, urinehost-gut microbiota co-metabolite8h-12hNot Available1-5%C11H12O6S272.03545928 Detailed Intervention Studies Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid -3-sulfateraturinegut microbiota metaboliteNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC7H6O7S233.983423707 Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 3-(4'-Hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid-3'-sulfateraturinegut microbiota metaboliteNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC9H10O7S262.014723836 Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(3'-hydroxyphenyl)-gamma-valerolactone-4'-O-beta-D-glucuronideraturinegut microbiota metaboliteNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC17H20O10384.105646844 Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-gamma-valerolactone-3'-sulfatehuman ratplasma, urinehost-gut microbiota co-metabolite5h-8h200-500 nmol/L10-30%C11H12O7S288.0303739 Detailed Intervention Studies Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(4’-hydroxyphenyl)-gamma-valerolactonehumanurinegut microbiota metaboliteNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC11H12O3192.078644246 Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 3'-Methyl-epicatechin-7-O-glucuronidehumanplasmahost metabolism<1h20-50 nmol/LNot AvailableC22H24O12480.126776213 Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 4-hydroxy-5-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)valeric acid-3'-sulfatehumanplasma, urinehost-gut microbiota co-metabolite5h-8h50-200 nmol/L<1%C11H14O8S306.040938585 Detailed Intervention Studies Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactonehumanplasma, urinegut microbiota metabolite5h-8hNot AvailableNot AvailableC11H12O4208.073558866 Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(3'-hydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone-4'-sulfatehumanurinehost-gut microbiota co-metaboliteNot AvailableNot Available30-50%C11H12O7S288.0303739 Detailed Intervention Studies Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(4′-Hydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone-3′-glucuronidehumanplasma, urinehost-gut microbiota co-metabolite5h-8h50-200 nmol/L5-10%C17H20O10384.105646844 Detailed Intervention Studies Publications
(-)-Epicatechin (−)-Epicatechin-7-sulfatehumanplasmahost metabolism1h-3h<20 nmol/LNot AvailableC15H14O9S370.035853205 Detailed Intervention Studies Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 3′-Methoxy-(−)-epicatechin-7-glucuronideNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC22H24O12480.126776213 Detailed Intervention Studies
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(Phenyl)-γ-valerolactone-sulfate-glucuronidehumanplasma, urinehost-gut microbiota co-metabolite5h-8h20-50 nmol/L<1% Detailed Intervention Studies Publications
(-)-Epicatechin Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid-sulfatehumanurinehost-gut microbiota co-metaboliteNot AvailableNot Available1-5% Detailed Intervention Studies Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(Phenyl)-γ-valerolactone-glucuronidehumanurinehost-gut microbiota co-metaboliteNot AvailableNot Available<1% Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(Hydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone-glucuronidehumanurinehost-gut microbiota co-metaboliteNot AvailableNot AvailableNot Available Publications
(-)-Epicatechin Methoxy-(epi)catechin-sulfatehumanplasma, urinehost metabolismNot Available20-50 nmol/L10-30% Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(Dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone-glucuronidehumanurinehost-gut microbiota co-metaboliteNot AvailableNot Available1-5% Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(Hydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone-methoxy-sulfatehumanurinehost-gut microbiota co-metaboliteNot AvailableNot AvailableNot Available Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(Phenyl)-γ-valerolactone-methoxy-sulfatehumanurinehost-gut microbiota co-metaboliteNot AvailableNot AvailableNot Available Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(Phenyl)-γ-valerolactone-4′-sulfatehumanplasmahost-gut microbiota co-metaboliteNot AvailableNot AvailableNot Available Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(Phenyl)-γ-valerolactone-3′-glucuronidehumanplasma, urinehost-gut microbiota co-metaboliteNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC17H20O9368.110732224 Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(5′-Hydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone-3′-sulfatehumanurinehost-gut microbiota co-metaboliteNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC11H12O7S288.0303739 Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(5′-Hydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone-3′-glucuronidehumanurinehost-gut microbiota co-metaboliteNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC17H20O10384.105646844 Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(Phenyl)-γ-valerolactone-4′-methoxy-3′-sulfatehumanurinehost-gut microbiota co-metaboliteNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC12H14O7S302.046023965 Publications
(-)-Epicatechin Methoxy-(epi)catechin-glucuronidehumanplasma, urinehost metabolismNot Available<20 nmol/L1-5% Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(Phenyl)-γ-valerolactone-3'-methoxy-4'-sulfatehumanurinehost-gut microbiota co-metaboliteNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC12H14O7S302.046023965 Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 4-Hydroxy-5-(phenyl)valeric acid-3'-sulfatehumanurinehost-gut microbiota co-metaboliteNot AvailableNot Available1-5%C11H14O7S290.046023965 Detailed Intervention Studies Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 3'-Methoxy-(−)-epicatechin-glucuronidehumanurinehost metabolismNot AvailableNot Available<1% Detailed Intervention Studies Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(3′-Hydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone-4′-glucuronidehumanplasma, urinehost-gut microbiota co-metabolite5h-8hNot AvailableNot AvailableC17H20O10384.105646844 Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(3′,5′-Dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactonehumanurinegut microbiota metaboliteNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC11H12O4208.073558866 Publications
(-)-Epicatechin Methoxy-(−)-epicatechin-sulfateNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableNot Available Detailed Intervention Studies
(-)-Epicatechin 4-Hydroxy-5-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)valeric acid-3'-glucuronidehumanurinehost-gut microbiota co-metaboliteNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC17H22O11402.116211528 Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(Phenyl)-valeric acid-sulfate-glucuronidehumanplasma, urinehost-gut microbiota co-metabolite5h-8hNot AvailableNot Available Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 4-Hydroxy-5-(phenyl)valeric acid-methoxy-sulfatehumanurinehost-gut microbiota co-metaboliteNot AvailableNot AvailableNot Available Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 3′-Methoxy-(−)-epicatechin-5′-glucuronidehumanplasma, urinehost metabolism<1h20-50 nmol/L<1%C22H24O12480.126776213 Detailed Intervention Studies Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(Phenyl)-γ-valerolactone-sulfatehumanurinehost-gut microbiota co-metaboliteNot AvailableNot AvailableNot Available Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 4′-methoxy-(−)-epicatechin-7-β-D-glucuronidehumanplasmahost metabolism1h-3h20-50 nmol/LNot AvailableC22H24O12480.126776213 Detailed Intervention Studies Publications
Procyanidin dimer B2 (-)-Epicatechinin vitro (human)Not Availablegut microbiota metaboliteNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC15H14O6290.079038171 Publications

Inter-Individual Variations in Metabolism

Food PhytochemicalMetaboliteEffectValue
(-)-Epicatechin (-)-EpicatechinGenotypeDiscordant Publications
(-)-Epicatechin (-)-EpicatechinSmokingEffect, clusters Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(Phenyl)-gamma-valerolactone-3'-sulfateMicrobiotaEffect, clusters Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(4’-hydroxyphenyl)-gamma-valerolactoneMicrobiotaEffect, clusters Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 4-hydroxy-5-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)valeric acid-3'-sulfateMicrobiotaEffect, clusters Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactoneGenotypeDiscordant Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactoneMicrobiotaEffect, clusters Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactoneSmokingEffect, clusters Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(3'-hydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone-4'-sulfateMicrobiotaEffect, clusters Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(4′-Hydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone-3′-glucuronideMicrobiotaEffect, clusters Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(Phenyl)-γ-valerolactone-sulfate-glucuronideMicrobiotaEffect, clusters Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(Phenyl)-γ-valerolactone-glucuronideMicrobiotaEffect, clusters Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(Hydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone-glucuronideMicrobiotaEffect, clusters Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(Phenyl)-γ-valerolactone-3′,5′-disulfateMicrobiotaEffect, clusters Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(Phenyl)-γ-valerolactone-4',5'-disulfateMicrobiotaEffect, clusters Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(Phenyl)-γ-valerolactone-methoxy-glucuronideMicrobiotaEffect, clusters Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(Dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone-glucuronideMicrobiotaEffect, clusters Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(Dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone-sulfateMicrobiotaEffect, clusters Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(Hydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone-methoxy-sulfateMicrobiotaEffect, clusters Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(Hydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone-sulfateMicrobiotaEffect, clusters Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(Phenyl)-γ-valerolactone-methoxy-sulfateMicrobiotaEffect, clusters Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(Phenyl)-γ-valerolactone-4′-sulfateMicrobiotaEffect, clusters Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(Phenyl)-γ-valerolactone-3′-glucuronideMicrobiotaEffect, clusters Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(5′-Hydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone-3′-sulfateMicrobiotaEffect, clusters Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(5′-Hydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone-3′-glucuronideMicrobiotaEffect, clusters Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(Phenyl)-γ-valerolactone-4′-methoxy-3′-sulfateMicrobiotaEffect, clusters Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(Phenyl)-γ-valerolactone-3'-methoxy-4'-sulfateMicrobiotaEffect, clusters Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(3′-Hydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone-4′-glucuronideMicrobiotaEffect, clusters Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(3′,5′-Dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactoneMicrobiotaEffect, clusters Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 4-Hydroxy-5-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)valeric acid-3'-glucuronideMicrobiotaEffect, clusters Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(Phenyl)-valeric acid-sulfate-glucuronideMicrobiotaEffect, clusters Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 4-Hydroxy-5-(phenyl)valeric acid-methoxy-sulfateMicrobiotaEffect, clusters Publications
(-)-Epicatechin 5-(Phenyl)-γ-valerolactone-sulfateMicrobiotaEffect, clusters Publications
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