Identification

PhytoHub ID
PHUB000310
Name
Protocatechuic acid
Systematic Name
3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid
Synonyms
  • 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid
CAS Number
99-50-3
Average Mass
154.121
Monoisotopic Mass
154.026608673
Chemical Formula
C7H6O4
IUPAC Name
3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid
InChI Key
YQUVCSBJEUQKSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C7H6O4/c8-5-2-1-4(7(10)11)3-6(5)9/h1-3,8-9H,(H,10,11)
SMILES
OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C=C1
Structure

Calculated Properties

Solubility (ALOGPS)
1.24e+01 g/l
LogS (ALOGPS)
-1.10
LogP (ALOGPS)
1.32
Hydrogen Acceptors
4
Hydrogen Donors
3
Rotatable Bond Count
1
Polar Surface Area
77.76
Refractivity
37.275999999999996
Polarizability
13.845510992306696
Formal Charge
0
Physiological Charge
-1
pKa (strongest basic)
-6.341303650784173
pKa (strongest acidic)
4.160229176821464
Number of Rings
1
Rule of Five
Yes
Bioavailability
Yes
Ghose Filter
No
Veber's Rule
No
MDDR-like Rule
No

Taxonomy as Food Phytochemical

Family
Polyphenols
Class
Phenolic acids
Sub-class
Hydroxybenzoic acids

Taxonomy as Metabolite

Metabolite Family
(Poly)phenol metabolites
Metabolite Class
Phenolic acid metabolites
Metabolite Sub-class
Benzoic and hippuric acids

Taxonomy of its Food Phytochemical Precursor(s)

Food PhytochemicalFamilyClassSub-class
Cyanidin 3-O-glucosidePolyphenolsFlavonoidsAnthocyaninsShow Food Phytochemical
QuercetinPolyphenolsFlavonoidsFlavonolsShow Food Phytochemical
Caffeic acidPolyphenolsPhenolic acidsHydroxycinnamic acidsShow Food Phytochemical
Ferulic acidPolyphenolsPhenolic acidsHydroxycinnamic acidsShow Food Phytochemical
Orange flavanonesPolyphenolsFlavonoidsFlavanonesShow Food Phytochemical
Cocoa Flavan-3-olsPolyphenolsFlavonoidsFlavan-3-olsShow Food Phytochemical
Black tea Flavan-3-olsPolyphenolsFlavonoidsFlavan-3-olsShow Food Phytochemical

Classyfire Taxonomy

Kingdom Name
Organic compounds
Class
Benzene and substituted derivatives
Super-class
Benzenoids
Sub-class
Benzoic acids and derivatives
Direct Parent Name
Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives
Alternative Parent Names
["1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids", "1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoids", "Benzoic acids", "Benzoyl derivatives", "Carboxylic acids", "Catechols", "Hydrocarbon derivatives", "Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives", "Organic oxides", "Organooxygen compounds"]
External Descriptor Annotations
["catechols", "dihydroxybenzoic acid"]
Substituent Names
["1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid", "1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid", "Aromatic homomonocyclic compound", "Benzoic acid", "Benzoyl", "Carboxylic acid", "Carboxylic acid derivative", "Catechol", "Dihydroxybenzoic acid", "Hydrocarbon derivative", "Hydroxybenzoic acid", "Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives", "Organic oxide", "Organic oxygen compound", "Organooxygen compound", "Phenol"]

Spectra from Online Resources

Record IDSourceDescriptionView
JP007231MassBankEI-B Spectrum - -, [M]+*View Spectra
KZ000068MassBankGC-EI-TOF Spectrum - -, unspecifiedView Spectra
OUF00045MassBankGC-EI-TOF Spectrum - -, unspecifiedView Spectra
PR010227MassBankGC-EI-TOF Spectrum - -, unspecifiedView Spectra
PR100601MassBankLC-ESI-QTOF Spectrum - Ramp 5-60 V, unspecifiedView Spectra
PS032807ReSpectN/A Spectrum - 10, [M-H]-View Spectra

Food Sources

NameGroup
Apple juiceBeverages, Non-alcoholic PublicationsShow
ApricotFruit, Drupes PublicationsShow
BeerBeverages, Alcoholic PublicationsShow
CocoaCocoa and cocoa products PublicationsShow
DateFruit, Other fruits PublicationsShow
Olive, blackFruit, Drupes PublicationsShow
Olive, greenFruit, Drupes PublicationsShow
OnionVegetables, Onion-family PublicationsShow

Food Sources of its Food Phytochemical(s)

Food PhytochemicalFood SourceFood Source Group
QuercetinAcerolaFruit, Tropical fruits PublicationsShow
QuercetinAmerican cranberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
Caffeic acidAmerican cranberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidAmerican cranberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
QuercetinAngelicaHerbs and Spices PublicationsShow
QuercetinAppleFruit, Pomes PublicationsShow
Caffeic acidAppleFruit, Pomes PublicationsShow
QuercetinApple juiceBeverages, Non-alcoholic PublicationsShow
Caffeic acidApple juiceBeverages, Non-alcoholic PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidApple juiceBeverages, Non-alcoholic PublicationsShow
Caffeic acidBeerBeverages, Alcoholic PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidBeerBeverages, Alcoholic PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidBilberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidBlack mulberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
QuercetinBlack teaTeas and herbal teas PublicationsShow
Cyanidin 3-O-glucosideBlackberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
QuercetinBlackberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
Caffeic acidBlackberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidBlackberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
Cyanidin 3-O-glucosideBlackcurrantFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
Caffeic acidBlueberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidBlueberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
QuercetinBroccoliVegetables, Cabbages PublicationsShow
Caffeic acidBroccoliVegetables, Cabbages PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidBroccoliVegetables, Cabbages PublicationsShow
Caffeic acidCarrotVegetables, Root vegetables PublicationsShow
QuercetinCherry tomatoVegetables, Fruit vegetables PublicationsShow
Caffeic acidCiderBeverages, Alcoholic PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidCocoa beanCocoa and cocoa products PublicationsShow
Caffeic acidCoffeeCoffee and coffee products PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidCoffeeCoffee and coffee products PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidCommon beanPulses and beans PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidCommon walnutNuts PublicationsShow
Caffeic acidCommon wheatCereals and cereal products PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidCommon wheatCereals and cereal products PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidCornCereals and cereal products PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidDateFruit, Other fruits PublicationsShow
Caffeic acidEggplantVegetables, Fruit vegetables PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidEggplantVegetables, Fruit vegetables PublicationsShow
Cyanidin 3-O-glucosideElderberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
QuercetinEuropean cranberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
Caffeic acidEuropean cranberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidEuropean cranberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
Cyanidin 3-O-glucosideEuropean plumFruit, Drupes PublicationsShow
Caffeic acidEuropean plumFruit, Drupes PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidFennelHerbs and Spices PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidGrapefruitFruit, Citrus PublicationsShow
QuercetinGreen teaTeas and herbal teas PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidHard wheatCereals and cereal products PublicationsShow
Cyanidin 3-O-glucosideLettuceVegetables, Leaf vegetables PublicationsShow
QuercetinLettuceVegetables, Leaf vegetables PublicationsShow
Caffeic acidMateTeas and herbal teas PublicationsShow
Cyanidin 3-O-glucosideOlive, blackFruit, Drupes PublicationsShow
Caffeic acidOlive, blackFruit, Drupes PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidOlive, blackFruit, Drupes PublicationsShow
Caffeic acidOlive, greenFruit, Drupes PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidOlive, greenFruit, Drupes PublicationsShow
QuercetinOnionVegetables, Onion-family PublicationsShow
QuercetinOrange juiceBeverages, Non-alcoholic PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidOrange juiceBeverages, Non-alcoholic PublicationsShow
QuercetinParsnipVegetables, Root vegetables PublicationsShow
Cyanidin 3-O-glucosidePeachFruit, Drupes PublicationsShow
Caffeic acidPearFruit, Pomes PublicationsShow
Cyanidin 3-O-glucosidePomegranate juiceBeverages, Non-alcoholic PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidRapeseedOilseed crops PublicationsShow
Cyanidin 3-O-glucosideRed raspberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidRed raspberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidRiceCereals and cereal products PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidRosemaryHerbs and Spices PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidRye breadCereals and cereal products PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidSpinachVegetables, Leaf vegetables PublicationsShow
Cyanidin 3-O-glucosideStrawberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
Caffeic acidStrawberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidStrawberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
Cyanidin 3-O-glucosideSweet cherryFruit, Drupes PublicationsShow
Caffeic acidSweet cherryFruit, Drupes PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidSweet orangeFruit, Citrus PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidTarragonHerbs and Spices PublicationsShow
QuercetinTomatoVegetables, Fruit vegetables PublicationsShow
Caffeic acidTomatoVegetables, Fruit vegetables PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidTomatoVegetables, Fruit vegetables PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidWhite wineBeverages, Alcoholic PublicationsShow
Caffeic acidWhite wine grapeFruit, Berries PublicationsShow

Role as Biomarker of intake

No roles as Biomarker of intake found

Metabolism

Food PhytochemicalMetaboliteSpeciesBiofluidsOriginTMaxCMaxUrinary ExcretionFormulaMonoisotopic mass
Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside Protocatechuic acidhumanfeces, serum, urineNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC7H6O4154.026608673 Publications
Quercetin Protocatechuic acidin vitro (human)duodenal juicegut microbiota metaboliteNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC7H6O4154.026608673 Publications
Caffeic acid Protocatechuic acidhumanNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC7H6O4154.026608673 Publications
Ferulic acid Protocatechuic acidhumanplasma, urineNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC7H6O4154.026608673 Publications
Orange flavanones Protocatechuic acidhumanplasma, urinegut microbiota metaboliteNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC7H6O4154.026608673 Detailed Intervention Studies Publications
Cocoa Flavan-3-ols Protocatechuic acidhumanurinegut microbiota metaboliteNot AvailableNot Available<1%C7H6O4154.026608673 Detailed Intervention Studies Publications
Black tea Flavan-3-ols Protocatechuic acidhumanurinegut microbiota metaboliteNot AvailableNot Available<1%C7H6O4154.026608673 Detailed Intervention Studies Publications

Inter-Individual Variations in Metabolism

Food PhytochemicalMetaboliteEffectValue
Cocoa Flavan-3-ols Protocatechuic acidMicrobiotaEffect, clusters Publications
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