precursor metabolite

Showing entry for Ferulic acid

Identification

PhytoHub ID
PHUB000608
Name
Ferulic acid
Systematic Name
4’-hydroxy-3’-methoxycinnamic acid
Synonyms
  • 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acrylic acid
  • 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid
  • 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid
  • 4’-hydroxy-3’-methoxycinnamic acid
  • trans-ferulic acid
CAS Number
537-98-4
Average Mass
194.186
Monoisotopic Mass
194.057908802
Chemical Formula
C10H10O4
IUPAC Name
(2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid
InChI Key
KSEBMYQBYZTDHS-HWKANZROSA-N
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C10H10O4/c1-14-9-6-7(2-4-8(9)11)3-5-10(12)13/h2-6,11H,1H3,(H,12,13)/b5-3+
SMILES
COC1=C(O)C=CC(\C=C\C(O)=O)=C1
Structure
Similar Structures

Calculated Properties

Solubility (ALOGPS)
9.06e-01 g/l
LogS (ALOGPS)
-2.33
LogP (ALOGPS)
1.58
Hydrogen Acceptors
4
Hydrogen Donors
2
Rotatable Bond Count
3
Polar Surface Area
66.76
Refractivity
51.50400000000002
Polarizability
19.349332656403057
Formal Charge
0
Physiological Charge
-1
pKa (strongest basic)
-4.893961534479146
pKa (strongest acidic)
3.5753044752877954
Number of Rings
1
Rule of Five
Yes
Bioavailability
Yes
Ghose Filter
Yes
Veber's Rule
No
MDDR-like Rule
No

Taxonomy as Food Phytochemical

Family
Polyphenols
Class
Phenolic acids
Sub-class
Hydroxycinnamic acids

Taxonomy as Metabolite

Metabolite Family
(Poly)phenol metabolites
Metabolite Class
Phenolic acid metabolites
Metabolite Sub-class
Cinnamic acids

Taxonomy of its Food Phytochemical Precursor(s)

Food PhytochemicalFamilyClassSub-class
Cyanidin 3-O-glucosidePolyphenolsFlavonoidsAnthocyaninsShow Food Phytochemical
Caffeic acidPolyphenolsPhenolic acidsHydroxycinnamic acidsShow Food Phytochemical
5-O-Caffeoylquinic acidPolyphenolsPhenolic acidsHydroxycinnamic acidsShow Food Phytochemical
Orange flavanonesPolyphenolsFlavonoidsFlavanonesShow Food Phytochemical
Cocoa Flavan-3-olsPolyphenolsFlavonoidsFlavan-3-olsShow Food Phytochemical
Black tea Flavan-3-olsPolyphenolsFlavonoidsFlavan-3-olsShow Food Phytochemical
Blueberry (Poly)phenolsPolyphenolsNot specifiedNot AvailableShow Food Phytochemical
Coffee Chlorogenic acidsPolyphenolsPhenolic acidsHydroxycinnamic acidsShow Food Phytochemical
Grape (Poly)phenolsPolyphenolsNot specifiedNot specifiedShow Food Phytochemical
Wheat (Poly)phenolsPolyphenolsNot specifiedNot specifiedShow Food Phytochemical
Rosemary tea (poly)phenolsPolyphenolsNot specifiedNot specifiedShow Food Phytochemical
Olive oil (Poly)phenolsPolyphenolsNot specifiedNot specifiedShow Food Phytochemical
Cranberry (Poly)phenolsPolyphenolsNot specifiedNot specifiedShow Food Phytochemical
Globe artichoke (Poly)phenolsPolyphenolsNot specifiedNot specifiedShow Food Phytochemical
Cyanidin-3-glucosidePolyphenolsFlavonoidsAnthocyaninsShow Food Phytochemical
Red Raspberries AnthocyaninsPolyphenolsFlavonoidsAnthocyaninsShow Food Phytochemical
Tomato (Poly)phenolsPolyphenolsNot specifiedNot specifiedShow Food Phytochemical
Ferulic acidPolyphenolsPhenolic acidsHydroxycinnamic acidsShow Food Phytochemical

Classyfire Taxonomy

Kingdom Name
Organic compounds
Class
Cinnamic acids and derivatives
Super-class
Phenylpropanoids and polyketides
Sub-class
Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives
Direct Parent Name
Hydroxycinnamic acids
Alternative Parent Names
["1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids", "Alkyl aryl ethers", "Anisoles", "Carbonyl compounds", "Carboxylic acids", "Cinnamic acids", "Coumaric acids and derivatives", "Hydrocarbon derivatives", "Methoxybenzenes", "Methoxyphenols", "Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives", "Organic oxides", "Phenoxy compounds", "Styrenes"]
External Descriptor Annotations
["Coniferyl alcohol derivatives", "ferulic acids"]
Substituent Names
["1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid", "Alkyl aryl ether", "Anisole", "Aromatic homomonocyclic compound", "Benzenoid", "Carbonyl group", "Carboxylic acid", "Carboxylic acid derivative", "Cinnamic acid", "Coumaric acid or derivatives", "Ether", "Hydrocarbon derivative", "Hydroxycinnamic acid", "Methoxybenzene", "Methoxyphenol", "Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives", "Monocyclic benzene moiety", "Organic oxide", "Organic oxygen compound", "Organooxygen compound", "Phenol", "Phenol ether", "Phenoxy compound", "Styrene"]

Spectra from Online Resources

Record IDSourceDescriptionView
JP002207MassBankEI-B Spectrum - -, [M]+*View Spectra
JP007239MassBankEI-B Spectrum - -, [M]+*View Spectra
JP011305MassBankEI-B Spectrum - -, [M]+*View Spectra
JP011308MassBankEI-B Spectrum - -, [M]+*View Spectra
KO001106MassBankLC-ESI-QQ Spectrum - 10 V, unspecifiedView Spectra
KO001107MassBankLC-ESI-QQ Spectrum - 20 V, unspecifiedView Spectra
KO001108MassBankLC-ESI-QQ Spectrum - 30 V, unspecifiedView Spectra
KO001109MassBankLC-ESI-QQ Spectrum - 40 V, unspecifiedView Spectra
KO001110MassBankLC-ESI-QQ Spectrum - 50 V, unspecifiedView Spectra
KZ000089MassBankGC-EI-TOF Spectrum - -, unspecifiedView Spectra
KZ000133MassBankGC-EI-TOF Spectrum - -, unspecifiedView Spectra
OUF00227MassBankGC-EI-TOF Spectrum - -, unspecifiedView Spectra
PR010004MassBankGC-EI-TOF Spectrum - -, unspecifiedView Spectra
PR100004MassBankLC-ESI-QTOF Spectrum - Ramp 5-60 V, unspecifiedView Spectra
PR100005MassBankLC-ESI-QTOF Spectrum - 30 V, unspecifiedView Spectra
PR100482MassBankLC-ESI-QTOF Spectrum - Ramp 5-60 V, unspecifiedView Spectra
PS001101ReSpectN/A Spectrum - 10, [M+H]+View Spectra
PS001102ReSpectN/A Spectrum - 20, [M+H]+View Spectra
PS001103ReSpectN/A Spectrum - 30, [M+H]+View Spectra
PS103901ReSpectN/A Spectrum - 10, [M+H]+View Spectra
PS103902ReSpectN/A Spectrum - 20, [M+H]+View Spectra
PS103907ReSpectN/A Spectrum - 10, [M-H]-View Spectra

Food Sources

NameGroup
American cranberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
Apple juiceBeverages, Non-alcoholic PublicationsShow
BeerBeverages, Alcoholic PublicationsShow
BilberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
Black mulberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
BlackberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
BlueberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
BroccoliVegetables, Cabbages PublicationsShow
Cocoa beanCocoa and cocoa products PublicationsShow
CoffeeCoffee and coffee products PublicationsShow
Common beanPulses and beans PublicationsShow
Common walnutNuts PublicationsShow
Common wheatCereals and cereal products PublicationsShow
CornCereals and cereal products PublicationsShow
DateFruit, Other fruits PublicationsShow
EggplantVegetables, Fruit vegetables PublicationsShow
European cranberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
FennelHerbs and Spices PublicationsShow
GrapefruitFruit, Citrus PublicationsShow
Hard wheatCereals and cereal products PublicationsShow
Olive, blackFruit, Drupes PublicationsShow
Olive, greenFruit, Drupes PublicationsShow
Orange juiceBeverages, Non-alcoholic PublicationsShow
RapeseedOilseed crops PublicationsShow
Red raspberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
RiceCereals and cereal products PublicationsShow
RosemaryHerbs and Spices PublicationsShow
Rye breadCereals and cereal products PublicationsShow
SpinachVegetables, Leaf vegetables PublicationsShow
StrawberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
Sweet orangeFruit, Citrus PublicationsShow
TarragonHerbs and Spices PublicationsShow
TomatoVegetables, Fruit vegetables PublicationsShow
White wineBeverages, Alcoholic PublicationsShow

Food Sources of its Food Phytochemical(s)

Food PhytochemicalFood SourceFood Source Group
Caffeic acidAmerican cranberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidAmerican cranberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
Caffeic acidAppleFruit, Pomes PublicationsShow
5-O-Caffeoylquinic acidAppleFruit, Pomes PublicationsShow
5-O-Caffeoylquinic acidApple ciderBeverages, Alcoholic PublicationsShow
Caffeic acidApple juiceBeverages, Non-alcoholic PublicationsShow
5-O-Caffeoylquinic acidApple juiceBeverages, Non-alcoholic PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidApple juiceBeverages, Non-alcoholic PublicationsShow
5-O-Caffeoylquinic acidApricotFruit, Drupes PublicationsShow
Caffeic acidBeerBeverages, Alcoholic PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidBeerBeverages, Alcoholic PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidBilberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidBlack mulberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
Cyanidin 3-O-glucosideBlackberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
Caffeic acidBlackberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
5-O-Caffeoylquinic acidBlackberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidBlackberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
Cyanidin 3-O-glucosideBlackcurrantFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
5-O-Caffeoylquinic acidBlackcurrantFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
Caffeic acidBlueberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
5-O-Caffeoylquinic acidBlueberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidBlueberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
Caffeic acidBroccoliVegetables, Cabbages PublicationsShow
5-O-Caffeoylquinic acidBroccoliVegetables, Cabbages PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidBroccoliVegetables, Cabbages PublicationsShow
Caffeic acidCarrotVegetables, Root vegetables PublicationsShow
5-O-Caffeoylquinic acidCarrotVegetables, Root vegetables PublicationsShow
5-O-Caffeoylquinic acidCherry tomatoVegetables, Fruit vegetables PublicationsShow
Caffeic acidCiderBeverages, Alcoholic PublicationsShow
5-O-Caffeoylquinic acidCiderBeverages, Alcoholic PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidCocoa beanCocoa and cocoa products PublicationsShow
Caffeic acidCoffeeCoffee and coffee products PublicationsShow
5-O-Caffeoylquinic acidCoffeeCoffee and coffee products PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidCoffeeCoffee and coffee products PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidCommon beanPulses and beans PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidCommon walnutNuts PublicationsShow
Caffeic acidCommon wheatCereals and cereal products PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidCommon wheatCereals and cereal products PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidCornCereals and cereal products PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidDateFruit, Other fruits PublicationsShow
Caffeic acidEggplantVegetables, Fruit vegetables PublicationsShow
5-O-Caffeoylquinic acidEggplantVegetables, Fruit vegetables PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidEggplantVegetables, Fruit vegetables PublicationsShow
Cyanidin 3-O-glucosideElderberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
Caffeic acidEuropean cranberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
5-O-Caffeoylquinic acidEuropean cranberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidEuropean cranberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
Cyanidin 3-O-glucosideEuropean plumFruit, Drupes PublicationsShow
Caffeic acidEuropean plumFruit, Drupes PublicationsShow
5-O-Caffeoylquinic acidEuropean plumFruit, Drupes PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidFennelHerbs and Spices PublicationsShow
5-O-Caffeoylquinic acidGlobe artichokeVegetables, Other vegetables PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidGrapefruitFruit, Citrus PublicationsShow
5-O-Caffeoylquinic acidGreen teaTeas and herbal teas PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidHard wheatCereals and cereal products PublicationsShow
Cyanidin 3-O-glucosideLettuceVegetables, Leaf vegetables PublicationsShow
5-O-Caffeoylquinic acidLettuceVegetables, Leaf vegetables PublicationsShow
Caffeic acidMateTeas and herbal teas PublicationsShow
5-O-Caffeoylquinic acidMateTeas and herbal teas PublicationsShow
Cyanidin 3-O-glucosideOlive, blackFruit, Drupes PublicationsShow
Caffeic acidOlive, blackFruit, Drupes PublicationsShow
5-O-Caffeoylquinic acidOlive, blackFruit, Drupes PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidOlive, blackFruit, Drupes PublicationsShow
Caffeic acidOlive, greenFruit, Drupes PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidOlive, greenFruit, Drupes PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidOrange juiceBeverages, Non-alcoholic PublicationsShow
Cyanidin 3-O-glucosidePeachFruit, Drupes PublicationsShow
5-O-Caffeoylquinic acidPeachFruit, Drupes PublicationsShow
Caffeic acidPearFruit, Pomes PublicationsShow
5-O-Caffeoylquinic acidPearFruit, Pomes PublicationsShow
Cyanidin 3-O-glucosidePomegranate juiceBeverages, Non-alcoholic PublicationsShow
5-O-Caffeoylquinic acidPotatoVegetables, Tubers PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidRapeseedOilseed crops PublicationsShow
Cyanidin 3-O-glucosideRed raspberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidRed raspberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidRiceCereals and cereal products PublicationsShow
5-O-Caffeoylquinic acidRoasted coffeeCoffee and coffee products PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidRosemaryHerbs and Spices PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidRye breadCereals and cereal products PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidSpinachVegetables, Leaf vegetables PublicationsShow
Cyanidin 3-O-glucosideStrawberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
Caffeic acidStrawberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
5-O-Caffeoylquinic acidStrawberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidStrawberryFruit, Berries PublicationsShow
Cyanidin 3-O-glucosideSweet cherryFruit, Drupes PublicationsShow
Caffeic acidSweet cherryFruit, Drupes PublicationsShow
5-O-Caffeoylquinic acidSweet cherryFruit, Drupes PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidSweet orangeFruit, Citrus PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidTarragonHerbs and Spices PublicationsShow
Caffeic acidTomatoVegetables, Fruit vegetables PublicationsShow
5-O-Caffeoylquinic acidTomatoVegetables, Fruit vegetables PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidTomatoVegetables, Fruit vegetables PublicationsShow
Ferulic acidWhite wineBeverages, Alcoholic PublicationsShow
Caffeic acidWhite wine grapeFruit, Berries PublicationsShow

Role as Biomarker of intake

No roles as Biomarker of intake found

Metabolism

Food PhytochemicalMetaboliteSpeciesBiofluidsOriginTMaxCMaxUrinary ExcretionFormulaMonoisotopic mass
Ferulic acid 3-Hydroxybenzoic acidhuman ratplasma, urinegut microbiota metaboliteNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC7H6O3138.031694053 Publications
Ferulic acid p-Hydroxybenzoic acidhumanplasma, urineNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC7H6O3138.031694053 Publications
Ferulic acid Protocatechuic acidhumanplasma, urineNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC7H6O4154.026608673 Publications
Ferulic acid Vanillic acidhuman raturineNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC8H8O4168.042258738 Publications
Ferulic acid 3',4'-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acidhuman in vitro (human) raturinegut microbiota metaboliteNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC8H8O4168.042258738 Publications
Ferulic acid Dihydrocaffeic acidhumanurinegut microbiota metaboliteNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC9H10O4182.057908802
Ferulic acid Phloretic acidhumanurinehost metabolismNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC9H10O3166.062994182
Ferulic acid Ferulic acidhumanplasma, urineunchanged1h-3h20-50 nmol/L<1%C10H10O4194.057908802 Detailed Intervention Studies Publications
Ferulic acid 3-(3'-Hydroxyphenyl)propionic acidhuman ratplasma, urinegut microbiota metaboliteNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC9H10O3166.062994182
Ferulic acid 3-Phenylpropionic acidhumanplasmagut microbiota metaboliteNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC9H10O2150.068079562
Ferulic acid Dihydroferulic acidraturineNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC10H12O4196.073558866 Publications
Ferulic acid Ferulic acid-4'-O-glucuronideraturineNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC16H18O10370.08999678 Publications
Ferulic acid Ferulic acid-4'-sulfatehuman ratplasma, urinehost metabolism1h-3h50-200 nmol/L1-5%C10H10O7S274.014723836 Detailed Intervention Studies Publications
Ferulic acid Ferulic acid sulfoglucuronideratplasmaNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC16H18O13S450.375513 Publications
Ferulic acid Feruloylglycinehuman raturinehost-gut microbiota co-metaboliteNot AvailableNot Available10-30%C12H13NO5251.079372523 Detailed Intervention Studies Publications
Ferulic acid Hippuric acidhumanplasma, urinehost-gut microbiota co-metaboliteNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC9H9NO3179.058243154 Publications
Ferulic acid Vanilloyl-glycineraturineNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC10H11NO5225.063722458 Publications
Ferulic acid veratric acidhumanplasma, urinehost metabolismNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC9H10O4182.057908802 Publications
Ferulic acid Sinapic acid-O-sulfatehumanurinehost metabolismNot AvailableNot Available<1%C11H12O8S304.02528852 Detailed Intervention Studies Publications
Ferulic acid Dihydroferulic acid-4'-O-glucuronidehumanurinehost-gut microbiota co-metaboliteNot AvailableNot Available1-5%C16H20O10372.105646844 Detailed Intervention Studies Publications
Ferulic acid Dihydroferulic acid-4'-sulfatehumanplasma, urinehost-gut microbiota co-metabolite5h-8h20-50 nmol/L1-5%C10H12O7S276.0303739 Detailed Intervention Studies Publications
Ferulic acid Dihydrocaffeic acid-3-sulfatehumanurinehost-gut microbiota co-metaboliteNot AvailableNot Available<1%C9H10O7S262.014723836 Detailed Intervention Studies Publications
Ferulic acid Ferulic acid glucuronidehumanplasmahost metabolism1h-3h0.5-2µmol/LNot Available Detailed Intervention Studies Publications
Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside Ferulic acidhumanfeces, serum, urineNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC10H10O4194.057908802 Publications
Caffeic acid Ferulic acidhuman ratplasma, urinehost metabolismNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC10H10O4194.057908802 Publications
5-O-Caffeoylquinic acid Ferulic acidratplasma, urinehost metabolismNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC10H10O4194.057908802 Publications
Orange flavanones Ferulic acidhumanplasma, urinehost-gut microbiota co-metabolite1h-3h<20 nmol/L<1%C10H10O4194.057908802 Detailed Intervention Studies Publications
Cocoa Flavan-3-ols Ferulic acidNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC10H10O4194.057908802 Detailed Intervention Studies
Black tea Flavan-3-ols Ferulic acidNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableNot AvailableC10H10O4194.057908802 Detailed Intervention Studies
Blueberry (Poly)phenols Ferulic acidhumanplasmahost metabolism1h-3h<20 nmol/LNot AvailableC10H10O4194.057908802 Detailed Intervention Studies Publications
Coffee Chlorogenic acids Ferulic acidhumanplasmahost metabolism1h-3h50-200 nmol/LNot AvailableC10H10O4194.057908802 Detailed Intervention Studies Publications
Grape (Poly)phenols Ferulic acidhumanplasmahost metabolism1h-3h50-200 nmol/LNot AvailableC10H10O4194.057908802 Detailed Intervention Studies Publications
Wheat (Poly)phenols Ferulic acidhumanserumhost metabolism1h-3h<20 nmol/LNot AvailableC10H10O4194.057908802 Detailed Intervention Studies Publications
Rosemary tea (poly)phenols Ferulic acidhumanplasmahost-gut microbiota co-metabolite5h-8h50-200 nmol/LNot AvailableC10H10O4194.057908802 Detailed Intervention Studies Publications
Olive oil (Poly)phenols Ferulic acidhumanplasmahost-gut microbiota co-metaboliteNot Available200-500 nmol/LNot AvailableC10H10O4194.057908802 Detailed Intervention Studies
Cranberry (Poly)phenols Ferulic acidhumanplasma, urinehost-gut microbiota co-metabolite8h-12h50-200 nmol/L<1%C10H10O4194.057908802 Detailed Intervention Studies Publications
Globe artichoke (Poly)phenols Ferulic acidhumanplasma, urinehost-gut microbiota co-metabolite5h-8h0.5-2µmol/L1-5%C10H10O4194.057908802 Detailed Intervention Studies Publications
Cyanidin-3-glucoside Ferulic acidhumanserum, urinehost-gut microbiota co-metabolite8h-12h0.5-2µmol/L<1%C10H10O4194.057908802 Detailed Intervention Studies Publications
Red Raspberries Anthocyanins Ferulic acidhumanurinehost-gut microbiota co-metaboliteNot AvailableNot Available1-5%C10H10O4194.057908802 Detailed Intervention Studies Publications
Tomato (Poly)phenols Ferulic acidhumanurinehost-gut microbiota co-metaboliteNot AvailableNot Available10-30%C10H10O4194.057908802 Detailed Intervention Studies Publications

Inter-Individual Variations in Metabolism

Food PhytochemicalMetaboliteEffectValue
Ferulic acid Ferulic acidSexNo effect Publications
Coffee Chlorogenic acids Ferulic acidMicrobiotaEffect, clusters Publications
Globe artichoke (Poly)phenols Ferulic acidMicrobiotaEffect, clusters Publications
Tomato (Poly)phenols Ferulic acidMicrobiotaEffect, clusters Publications
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